✅
👉Marketing of breast milk substitutes: national implementation of the international code, status report 2020
📌In this report, a new scoring algorithm was used to classify countries’ legislation. The scoring methods allow for standardized classification of countries following agreed criteria among WHO, UNICEF, and IBFAN. The legal measures for all countries have been analyzed based on an expanded, standardized checklist with an algorithm to facilitate a systematic and objective classification of countries according to their alignment with the Code. Since 2018, progress has continued to be made on the promotion and protection of breastfeeding, both globally and in countries. More robust measures to curb continuing harmful marketing practices by manufacturers and distributors of BMS have been adopted in several countries.
🔗https://www.who.int/publications-detail/9789240006010
https://www.who.int/publications-detail/9789240005990
#who #formula #breastfeeding
👉Marketing of breast milk substitutes: national implementation of the international code, status report 2020
📌In this report, a new scoring algorithm was used to classify countries’ legislation. The scoring methods allow for standardized classification of countries following agreed criteria among WHO, UNICEF, and IBFAN. The legal measures for all countries have been analyzed based on an expanded, standardized checklist with an algorithm to facilitate a systematic and objective classification of countries according to their alignment with the Code. Since 2018, progress has continued to be made on the promotion and protection of breastfeeding, both globally and in countries. More robust measures to curb continuing harmful marketing practices by manufacturers and distributors of BMS have been adopted in several countries.
🔗https://www.who.int/publications-detail/9789240006010
https://www.who.int/publications-detail/9789240005990
#who #formula #breastfeeding
👉When Separation is not the Answer: Breastfeeding Mothers and Infants affected by COVID‐19
📌The World Health Organisation (WHO) has provided detailed guidance on the care of infants of women who are a person under investigation (PUI) or confirmed to have COVID‐19, which supports immediate postpartum mother‐infant contact and breastfeeding with appropriate respiratory precautions. Although many countries have followed WHO guidance, others have implemented infection prevention and control policies (IPC) that impose varying levels of postpartum separation and discourage or prohibit breastfeeding or provision of expressed breastmilk. These policies aim to protect infants from the potential harm of infection from their mothers, yet they may fail to fully account for the impact of separation.
🔗https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mcn.13033?campaign=wolacceptedarticle
👉open access
#wiley #breastfeeding #milk #virus #covid
📌The World Health Organisation (WHO) has provided detailed guidance on the care of infants of women who are a person under investigation (PUI) or confirmed to have COVID‐19, which supports immediate postpartum mother‐infant contact and breastfeeding with appropriate respiratory precautions. Although many countries have followed WHO guidance, others have implemented infection prevention and control policies (IPC) that impose varying levels of postpartum separation and discourage or prohibit breastfeeding or provision of expressed breastmilk. These policies aim to protect infants from the potential harm of infection from their mothers, yet they may fail to fully account for the impact of separation.
🔗https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mcn.13033?campaign=wolacceptedarticle
👉open access
#wiley #breastfeeding #milk #virus #covid
👉Supporting Breastfeeding in Infants Hospitalized for Jaundice
📌Early involvement of trained lactation consultants safely improves rates of EB for infants hospitalized with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
🔗https://hosppeds.aappublications.org/content/10/6/502
#jaundice #breastfeeding #aap #pediatrics #bilirubin
📌Early involvement of trained lactation consultants safely improves rates of EB for infants hospitalized with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
🔗https://hosppeds.aappublications.org/content/10/6/502
#jaundice #breastfeeding #aap #pediatrics #bilirubin
👉Associations Between Variations in Breast Anatomy and Early Breastfeeding Challenges
📌Background
Mothers with anatomic variability (e.g., shorter, wider nipples; denser areolas) may experience breastfeeding challenges disproportionately.
Research aim
To examine whether variations in breast anatomy are associated with risk for early breastfeeding challenges.
🔗https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0890334420931397
#breastfeeding #nipples #breast #humanlactation
📌Background
Mothers with anatomic variability (e.g., shorter, wider nipples; denser areolas) may experience breastfeeding challenges disproportionately.
Research aim
To examine whether variations in breast anatomy are associated with risk for early breastfeeding challenges.
🔗https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0890334420931397
#breastfeeding #nipples #breast #humanlactation
👉Breastfeeding: a round up of Cochrane evidence
📌TOPICS:
Support for breastfeeding women
Health promotion and an enabling environment
Care for breastfeeding women and their babies
Treating breastfeeding problems
Breastfeeding babies with additional needs, including preterm babies
Related clinical guidelines and resources
🔗https://www.evidentlycochrane.net/breastfeeding-a-round-up-of-cochrane-evidence/
#breastfeeding #cochrane
📌TOPICS:
Support for breastfeeding women
Health promotion and an enabling environment
Care for breastfeeding women and their babies
Treating breastfeeding problems
Breastfeeding babies with additional needs, including preterm babies
Related clinical guidelines and resources
🔗https://www.evidentlycochrane.net/breastfeeding-a-round-up-of-cochrane-evidence/
#breastfeeding #cochrane
👉In-Hospital Formula Feeding and Breastfeeding Duration
📌 IHFF was associated with earlier weaning, with infants exposed to IHFF at 2.5 to 6 times higher risk in the first year than infants exclusively breastfed. Strategies to reduce IHFF include prenatal education, peer counseling, hospital staff and physician education, and skin-to-skin contact.
🔗https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2020/06/05/peds.2019-2946
#feeding #formula #supplement #newborn #nutrition #breastfeeding #aap #pediatrics
📌 IHFF was associated with earlier weaning, with infants exposed to IHFF at 2.5 to 6 times higher risk in the first year than infants exclusively breastfed. Strategies to reduce IHFF include prenatal education, peer counseling, hospital staff and physician education, and skin-to-skin contact.
🔗https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2020/06/05/peds.2019-2946
#feeding #formula #supplement #newborn #nutrition #breastfeeding #aap #pediatrics
👉"A Comparison of Macronutrient-Based Methods for Deriving Energy Values in #HumanMilk".
📌20% difference b/w methods = call for standardization to improve preterm infant #feeding!
🔗https://t.co/x33moyvZ8v?amp=1
#breastfeeding
📌20% difference b/w methods = call for standardization to improve preterm infant #feeding!
🔗https://t.co/x33moyvZ8v?amp=1
#breastfeeding
👉The Economic Impact of Donor Milk in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
'Mother's own milk + donor milk instead of formula found to save $15555 per patient in the NICU. '
📌 The additional cost of a donor milk program was small compared with the cost of a NICU hospitalization. After its introduction, the NEC incidence was significantly lower with small cost savings per case. We speculate that NICUs with greater NEC rates may have greater cost savings.
🔗https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.04.044
#breastfeeding
'Mother's own milk + donor milk instead of formula found to save $15555 per patient in the NICU. '
📌 The additional cost of a donor milk program was small compared with the cost of a NICU hospitalization. After its introduction, the NEC incidence was significantly lower with small cost savings per case. We speculate that NICUs with greater NEC rates may have greater cost savings.
🔗https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.04.044
#breastfeeding
👉#Breastfeeding during pregnancy: position paper of the Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine and the Task Force on Breastfeeding, Ministry of Health, Italy
📌As more women breastfeed for longer, it is increasingly likely that women may be still breastfeeding when they become #pregnant again. The Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine (SIMP) Working Group on Breastfeeding has reviewed the literature to determine the medical compatibility of pregnancy and breastfeeding. We found no evidence indicating that healthy women are at higher risk of miscarriage or preterm delivery if they breastfeed while pregnant. No evidence indicates that the pregnancy-breastfeeding overlap might cause intrauterine growth restriction, particularly in women from developed countries. Little information is available on the composition of human milk of pregnant women, and we found no data on the growth of infants nursed by a pregnant woman. However, both the composition of postpartum breast milk and the growth of the subsequent newborn appear to be partly affected, at least in developing countries. SIMP supports breastfeeding during pregnancy in the first 2 trimesters, and we believe it to be sustainable in the third trimester. Based on the hypothetical risk, caution may be warranted for women at risk of premature delivery, although no evidence exists that breastfeeding could trigger labor inducing uterine contractions. In conclusion, currently available data do not support routine discouragement of breastfeeding during pregnancy. Further studies are certainly needed to explore the consequences of breastfeeding during pregnancy on maternal health, on the breastfed infant, on the embryo/fetus, and, subsequently, on the growth of the newborn.
🔗https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334413514294
📌As more women breastfeed for longer, it is increasingly likely that women may be still breastfeeding when they become #pregnant again. The Italian Society of Perinatal Medicine (SIMP) Working Group on Breastfeeding has reviewed the literature to determine the medical compatibility of pregnancy and breastfeeding. We found no evidence indicating that healthy women are at higher risk of miscarriage or preterm delivery if they breastfeed while pregnant. No evidence indicates that the pregnancy-breastfeeding overlap might cause intrauterine growth restriction, particularly in women from developed countries. Little information is available on the composition of human milk of pregnant women, and we found no data on the growth of infants nursed by a pregnant woman. However, both the composition of postpartum breast milk and the growth of the subsequent newborn appear to be partly affected, at least in developing countries. SIMP supports breastfeeding during pregnancy in the first 2 trimesters, and we believe it to be sustainable in the third trimester. Based on the hypothetical risk, caution may be warranted for women at risk of premature delivery, although no evidence exists that breastfeeding could trigger labor inducing uterine contractions. In conclusion, currently available data do not support routine discouragement of breastfeeding during pregnancy. Further studies are certainly needed to explore the consequences of breastfeeding during pregnancy on maternal health, on the breastfed infant, on the embryo/fetus, and, subsequently, on the growth of the newborn.
🔗https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334413514294
👉Macronutrient Intake from Human #Milk, InfantGrowth, and Body Composition at Term EquivalentAge: A Longitudinal Study of Hospitalized VeryPreterm Infants
#breastfeeding
#breastfeeding
👉Guideline on #anaesthesia and sedation in #breastfeeding women 2020
📌Breastfeeding has many health benefits for the mother and infant. Women who are breastfeeding may require anaesthesia or #sedation. Concerns regarding the passage of drugs into breast milk may lead to inconsistent advice from professionals. This can sometimes result in the interruption of feeding for 24 hours or longer after anaesthesia, or expressing and discarding (‘pumping and dumping’) breast #milk; this may contribute to early cessation of breastfeeding. However, there are data regarding the transfer of most anaesthetic drugs into breast milk. We advise that breastfeeding is acceptable to continue after anaesthesia and should be supported as soon as the woman is alert and able to feed, without the need to discard breast milk. We provide evidence‐based information on the pharmacokinetics of drugs commonly used during anaesthesia so that professionals can undertake a risk‐benefit discussion with the woman. We advise the development of local policies that aid logistical planning and guide staff to facilitate breastfeeding during the woman’s hospital stay.
🔗https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/anae.15179
📌Breastfeeding has many health benefits for the mother and infant. Women who are breastfeeding may require anaesthesia or #sedation. Concerns regarding the passage of drugs into breast milk may lead to inconsistent advice from professionals. This can sometimes result in the interruption of feeding for 24 hours or longer after anaesthesia, or expressing and discarding (‘pumping and dumping’) breast #milk; this may contribute to early cessation of breastfeeding. However, there are data regarding the transfer of most anaesthetic drugs into breast milk. We advise that breastfeeding is acceptable to continue after anaesthesia and should be supported as soon as the woman is alert and able to feed, without the need to discard breast milk. We provide evidence‐based information on the pharmacokinetics of drugs commonly used during anaesthesia so that professionals can undertake a risk‐benefit discussion with the woman. We advise the development of local policies that aid logistical planning and guide staff to facilitate breastfeeding during the woman’s hospital stay.
🔗https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/anae.15179
👉Changes in Human Milk Immunoglobulin Profile During Prolonged Lactation
📌Mother's #milk immunoglobulins (Igs) delivered to infants during #breastfeeding are crucial in shaping and modulating immature infants' #immune system and provide efficient protection against pathogens. The aim of the study was to evaluate the #immunoglobulin concentrations in milk of 116 lactating mothers over prolonged lactation from the 1st to the 48th month using the ELISA method. The concentration of proteins, SIgA and IgG, but not IgM, showed a positive correlation (r = 0.69, p < 0.005; r = 0.54, p < 0.05; and r = 0.27, p < 0.05, respectively) with lactation from the 1st to the 48th month. The lowest concentrations of SIgA and IgG were observed for the first year (2.12 ± 0.62 g/L and 14.71 ± 6.18 mg/L, respectively) and the highest after the 2nd year of lactation (7.55 ± 7.16 g/L and 18.95 ± 6.76 mg/L, respectively). The IgM concentration remained stable during 2 years (2.81 ± 2.74 mg/L), but after 24 months it was higher (3.82 ± 3.05 mg/L), although not significantly. Moreover, negative correlations of protein (r = −0.24, p < 0.05) and SIgA (r = −0.47, p < 0.05) concentrations with the number of feedings were found. Human milk after the 2nd year of lactation contains significantly higher concentrations of protein, SIgA, and IgG. High concentration of immunoglobulins and protein during prolonged #lactation is an additional argument to support breastfeeding even after introducing solid foods and should be one of the overarching goals in the protection of children's health.
🔗https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00428
📌Mother's #milk immunoglobulins (Igs) delivered to infants during #breastfeeding are crucial in shaping and modulating immature infants' #immune system and provide efficient protection against pathogens. The aim of the study was to evaluate the #immunoglobulin concentrations in milk of 116 lactating mothers over prolonged lactation from the 1st to the 48th month using the ELISA method. The concentration of proteins, SIgA and IgG, but not IgM, showed a positive correlation (r = 0.69, p < 0.005; r = 0.54, p < 0.05; and r = 0.27, p < 0.05, respectively) with lactation from the 1st to the 48th month. The lowest concentrations of SIgA and IgG were observed for the first year (2.12 ± 0.62 g/L and 14.71 ± 6.18 mg/L, respectively) and the highest after the 2nd year of lactation (7.55 ± 7.16 g/L and 18.95 ± 6.76 mg/L, respectively). The IgM concentration remained stable during 2 years (2.81 ± 2.74 mg/L), but after 24 months it was higher (3.82 ± 3.05 mg/L), although not significantly. Moreover, negative correlations of protein (r = −0.24, p < 0.05) and SIgA (r = −0.47, p < 0.05) concentrations with the number of feedings were found. Human milk after the 2nd year of lactation contains significantly higher concentrations of protein, SIgA, and IgG. High concentration of immunoglobulins and protein during prolonged #lactation is an additional argument to support breastfeeding even after introducing solid foods and should be one of the overarching goals in the protection of children's health.
🔗https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00428
👉Breastfeeding Beyond Infancy: A Guide for GPs
📌#Breastfeeding beyond infancy is biologically normal: it should be celebrated and encouraged in mothers who wish to do so. Ithas health, economic and environmental benefits for the individuals involved as well as wider society; yet British cultureis not generally supportive of natural term breastfeeding. Few GPs receive high quality lactation education, and thus may be inadequately informed to support families achieve longer term breastfeeding. This guide summarises the evidence available and how GPs can help.
🔗https://abm.me.uk/breastfeeding-information/breastfeeding-beyond-infancy-a-gp-guide/
📌#Breastfeeding beyond infancy is biologically normal: it should be celebrated and encouraged in mothers who wish to do so. Ithas health, economic and environmental benefits for the individuals involved as well as wider society; yet British cultureis not generally supportive of natural term breastfeeding. Few GPs receive high quality lactation education, and thus may be inadequately informed to support families achieve longer term breastfeeding. This guide summarises the evidence available and how GPs can help.
🔗https://abm.me.uk/breastfeeding-information/breastfeeding-beyond-infancy-a-gp-guide/
👉Exclusive human #milk diet reduces incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage in extremely low birth weight infants
📌EHM diet had an independent neuroprotective effect and was associated with decreased incidence of severe IVH/PVL, supporting the need of EHM in ELBW infants.
🔗https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-020-00834-5
#breastfeeding
📌EHM diet had an independent neuroprotective effect and was associated with decreased incidence of severe IVH/PVL, supporting the need of EHM in ELBW infants.
🔗https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-020-00834-5
#breastfeeding
The overly simplistic, but common, approach to analyzing single, mostly nutritive components of human #milk is insufficient to understand the contribution of either individual components or the matrix within which they exist to both maternal and child health.
#breastfeeding
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab075
*The full text is in the comments
#breastfeeding
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab075
*The full text is in the comments
Paper on #Breastfeeding by Faculties at the Royal College of Physicians
Link: rcpi site
*The full text is in the comments
Link: rcpi site
*The full text is in the comments
What you need to know:
The most frequent cause of nipple pain in #breastfeeding women is poor latch or attachment to the breast
An itchy, erythematous rash on the nipple, areola area, or breast is likely to be eczema, and should not automatically be diagnosed as nipple thrush
Persistent nipple and breast pain during lactation is usually multifactorial. Elicit factors from maternal, infant, medical, mental, and psychosocial health, as well as from mechanical trauma or infection
doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1628
The most frequent cause of nipple pain in #breastfeeding women is poor latch or attachment to the breast
An itchy, erythematous rash on the nipple, areola area, or breast is likely to be eczema, and should not automatically be diagnosed as nipple thrush
Persistent nipple and breast pain during lactation is usually multifactorial. Elicit factors from maternal, infant, medical, mental, and psychosocial health, as well as from mechanical trauma or infection
doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1628
Promotion of human milk and #breastfeeding for VLBW infants requires multidisciplinary and system-wide adoption of lactation support practices.
The #formula industry is closely involved in formula trials, findings are almost always reported as favourable, and little transparency exists about the aims of the trial or reporting of results.
#breastfeeding
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2202
#breastfeeding
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2202
After the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative and Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for neonatal wards (Neo-BFHI) interventions were concluded, we found significant improvements in the breastfeeding attitudes of healthcare professionals
and in #breastfeeding-related care practices.
https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344211058373
and in #breastfeeding-related care practices.
https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344211058373