►► In this large, whole-­population, propensity-­matched observational study we found no differences in survival to discharge without major morbidity comparing early versus late initiation of PN.
►► We found higher rate of survival in early PN group and also higher rates of major morbidities that are known to be associated with neurodevelopmental impairment.
►► We cannot exclude residual confounding related to survival bias or how sick or unstable a baby was at the time of clinical decision-­making about PN initiation.

#nutrition
doi:10.1136/archdischild-­2021-­322383

Many gaps in knowledge including the optimal dosing, best route and timing of epinephrine administration warrant further studies.

#resuscitation
doi:10.3390/children6040051

There are several promising novel biomarkers in the pipeline, but well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the safety of using these novel biomarkers to guide clinical decisions.

#infections
https://doi.org/10.3390/children8111070

ILCOR summary statement

#resuscitation
DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001017

Long-term CHG use may select for CHG and OCT tolerance in CoNS. This highlights the different potential for separate antiseptic regimens to select for resistance development. This could be an important factor in developing future infection control policies.

#infections
https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlab173

The normal range for CSF parameters in neonates is different to that in older infants, and some parameters are influenced by gestational and chronological age. CSF parameters alone are not sufficiently reliable to exclude meningitis.

DOI: 10.1159/000517630

This study describes each available method and determines obstacles in use for each of them. It focuses on three areas: difficulties related to the application of sensors and interfaces, time to display, and user or observer feedback. Our review informs further studies and potentially improves outcomes by establishing methods to overcome the obstacles in use.

DOI: 10.1159/000499675

The results of this research highlight the continuous need to improve technical-scientific knowledge to qualify actions in neonatology.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0043

Currently, 12.0% of infants on postnatal/transitional care wards receive antibiotics for suspected EOS. The SRC could dramatically reduce antibiotic use, but further prospective studies are required to evaluate safety of SRC implementation.

DOI: 10.1159/000518059

Results of this study indicate that most thermal care interventions in the delivery room for preterm neonates were associated with improved core body temperature (with moderate certainty of evidence).

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0775

Pulse oximetry screening showed moderate to high sensitivity in detection of undiagnosed critical CHDs; however, it failed to detect two-third of major CHDs.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04275-w

Early initiated, moderately early or late advanced with moderate volume increment feeding regimens might be most appropriate in decreasing the risk of NEC stage II or mortality. In view of the certainty of evidence being very low, adequately powered RCTs evaluating these two strategies are warranted.

#nutrition

There is a reduction in plasma TG and SM and an increase in plasma PC and LPC species during the course of TH in newborns with moderate–severe HIE, compared to a single specimen from newborns with mild HIE.

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124301

This recommendation is a step towards harmonizing vitamin K prophylaxis in all newborns.

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114109

The results of this cohort study suggest that labor epidural
analgesia is not independently associated with adverse neonatal or childhood development

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.31683 (R

As these pilot findings suggest suboptimal knowledge for both professions on this topic, adaptations to their curricula and postgraduate training might be warranted

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111555

Filming baby’s general movements

AAP BRUE risk criteria are used to accurately identify patients at low risk for event recurrence, readmission, and a serious underlying diagnosis; however, their use results in the inaccurate identification of many patients as higher risk. This is likely because many AAP risk factors, such as age, are not associated with these outcomes.

The use of UVCs requires a high index of suspicion, because its use is significantly associated with PVT. Well-designed prospective studies are required to assess the optimal approach to prevent UVC-related thrombosis of the portal system.

https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1802