Threaded Virtual Machine (TVM) ⚙️

The Everscale blockchain consists of a masterchain responsible for the overall state of the network, workchains, i.e. individual blockchains (their number can be increased linearly) and shards, i.e. segments of the workchain (several shards form a workchain).

TVM is a virtual machine used to execute the smart contract code in the masterchain and in the Workchain Zero. TVM is used in Everscale, Venom, GOSH and TON blockchains.

This is a stacking virtual machine. We operate data in a stack (operations like "sum up 2 topmost numbers in the stack" or "swap the 2nd and the 10th variables in the stack").

Peculiarities of TVM

The TVM, used to run smart contracts in the masterchain and Workchain Zero, is considerably different from customary designs inspired by the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine): it works not just with 256-bit integers, but actually with (almost) arbitrary “records”, “structures”, or “sum-product types”, making it more suitable to execute code written in high-level languages.

🔗 Original Whitepaper by Nikolai Durov
🔗 Everscale Virtual Machine description
🔗 List of instructions and corrections

#education #tvm #post

Venom Foundation launches testnet ⛓

👥 Venom announced the launch of a testnet for blockchain users and developers.

To participate in the testnet, users must:
➕ Install the Venom wallet
➕ Get VENOM test tokens

The testnet will feature a variety of dApps, including those built into the Venom ecosystem (such as Venom Scan) and those developed by external partners.

🔧 Developers will have access to a dedicated repository with blockchain documentation, and users will be offered a number of social and onchain challenges to learn about dApps and blockchain capabilities.

The launch of the testnet will help the Venom Foundation test and debug dApps and blockchain protocols, build a community of interested users, and stimulate further innovation within the ecosystem.

#tvm #venom #testnet #post

Venom Testnet launched ⛓

As we said earlier, the Venom Foundation has launched a testnet for blockchain users and developers.

🎁 Everyone who joins at the early testing stage, the company will give exclusive collectible NFTs, as well as the opportunity to participate in the developer hackathon with a prize of $225K.

💬 Users will also be able to share feedback on the testnet — this will help refine the platform and improve its functionality in future releases.

#tvm #venom #testnet #post

TON, Everscale, GOSH & Venom: TVM networks overview 📱

TON and Everscale are blockchains with initially identical architecture. They provide almost infinite scalability with the help of three distinctive solutions: dynamic sharding, multithreading and distributed programming.

💎The Open Network (TON) is a Layer-1 blockchain aimed at onboarding millions of users, primarily in Telegram. Developers try to make using blockchain as simple as using familiar mobile apps.

Creation, development and deployment of smart contracts on the TON blockchain uses the FunC language and the TVM virtual machine, built on the stack principle, which makes it easy to implement.

🚀 Everscale is based on the original TON code, but many things have been changed for a similar time of the final part of transactions. The Everscale node is written in the Rust programming language, as opposed to the original C++ language. At Everscale, smart contracts are written in Solidity adapted to TVM and asynchrony (T-Sol). Important decisions in the community are made in a decentralized manner based on voting with network tokens.

⚪️. GOSH is a first ever decentralized GitHub. The project uses the Everscale codebase as a decentralized server for git storage. GOSH's innovation is that all repositories are managed as a DAOs.

How GOSH works: when you pay for gas it doesn’t go to validator. It goes to free service giver which allows any project to provide the access to their smart contracts for free — this is a revolutionary concept in the blockchain because it allows you to deploy smart contracts for free.

🐍 Venom is a first Layer-1 blockchain licensed and regulated by the Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM), and Iceberg Capital to launch a $1 billion for the Venom Ventures Fund (VVF). Positioning: delivering an asynchronous, ultra-fast, scalable blockchain with low transaction fees for CBDC and Web3 projects worldwide.

Venom also works on TVM, based not only on the Everscale blockchain’s architecture, but also on its main ecosystem products. The Venom testnet has been launched a few days ago and aroused extremely high interest in the crypto community. At the May EVERPOINT Conference in Dubai, the panel topic of Everscale and Venom was announced to clarify the strategies of both projects and also the features of their interaction with each other.

#TVM #TON #venom #gosh #review #post

🚀 Everscale and Venom development strategy 🐍

🛑 Everscale is as innovative a hub, as Ethereum, as the Linux kernel. It's the place where TVM technology is perfected

🛑 Everscale has contributions from all the market players that use this technology, including GOSH and Venom

🛑 Our goal is to rock the TVM technology. Everscale is becoming a «cradle» where innovations are flowing in. They will be tested at Everscale and then distributed on the TVM network

🛑 To launch a project in Venom, you have to go through UDL, get regulatory (ADGM) approval, and go through a number of other approvals. Everscale, on the other hand, gives you the ability to instantly launch a project without approvals. And as the project develops and builds up its audience, it is possible to approach the regulator with a presentation, discussing the entry of the project to the new, state level — already in the Venom network

🛑 Everscale acts as an «incubator» for Venom. This means a quick introduction to the technology with an influx of new users, developers, and liquidity

🛑 Everscale can be used by universities and academic developers as a resource for academic research and complex computing

🛑 Venom is a highly specialized, enterprise blockchain aimed at solving a specific government problem

🛑 Not all projects are ideologically suited to run in Venom. All high-risk projects (e.g., high-risk gaming) cannot be launched in Venom. Everscale, meanwhile, is limitless and agnostic — any project (except those that break the law) is welcomed in the network

🛑 With the arrival of Venom, Everscale now has a third dimension of scalability: in addition to sharding and adding workchains, it is now possible to build links between different zero-level blockchains. TVM networks can now complement each other and scale even more

🛑 Financial technology will evolve in tandem between Venom and Everscale: more experimental solutions will go to Everscale, and those that require regulation will go to Venom. This will encourage the emergence of strong players within this ecosystem

🛑 In Venom there will be an emphasis on developing Proof of Authority, in Everscale it will be Social Governance. The network is constantly moving in this direction, and in the future, Liquid Staking (stEVER) should become the standard type of staking on the network. At the moment, the technology is still being tested. When the tests are completed, it will become an open network protocol where any validator or cluster of validators can join staking

🛑 Decentralized storage will develop at the level of the TVM standard in two networks, but will be used for different purposes: for example, in Everscale, storage will be used for torrent-like approaches, and in Venom - for storing some credential artifacts, transactions, contracts

🛑 Decentralized gaming, social media — only in Everscale, Supply Chain — only in Venom. Meanwhile, crowdfunding, decentralized venture, investing, power, sustainability, environmental projects — co-development with the two networks

We thank Vladislav Ponomarev for the conversation.

#everscale #venom #tvm #everpoint #post

EverKit extends content boundaries toward TVM 🔥

Events are rapidly developing, so we want to keep you updated on news regarding not only Everscale, but also other TVM networks. And we ask you to take part in the poll 👇

#tvm #news

Venom Whitepaper: Virtual Machine 🐍

TVM is used to execute smart-contract code in the masterchain and basechain. Other workchains on the Venom blockchain may use other virtual machines. By design, TVM has an asynchronous model of communication between accounts. Each account can only affect the state of another account only by sending a message.

🔑 Account

Every account is a smart contract which code which can include any authentication logic necessary to verify a user’s identity.

Account structure is composed of three main components: Address, StorageState (contains information about the amount of contract data and is used to the fee calculation), and Account Storage (contains information about the balance and current status of the account).

A smart contract can be deployed by sending an external message containing the code and initial data of a future account to the network.

🔃 Messages

An account of the Venom blockchain like the actor has a unique address, can send and receive messages, change its state, change its behavior and even spawn other accounts.

External Inbound messages are sent from external actors to internal actors.
Example: Oracle send a price rate to a smart contract. Another one is The user with a keypair sends a message to the wallet account to transfer founds.

Internal Inbound/Outbond messages are sent between internal actors (accounts) within the blockchain.
Example: As a result of the external inbound message, the wallet account changes its balance and wends an internal message to the other wallet account.

External Outbound messages ("events") are produced by internal actors and can be subscribed by external actors.
Example: The wallet account emits the event about receiving funds, and the external service catches it.

📶 Transactions

A transaction is a direct result of the processing of exactly one inbound message by a recipient account code.

It’s a multi-step process of several distinct phases each with its specific purpose. Each phase is a logical step in the message execution and may either complete successfully or result in an error. If an error occurs, the next stage not be executed.

🔗 Learn the Virtual machine section in detail in the Venom Whitepaper

#venom #whitepaper #tvm #post

Venom Whitepaper: Threaded solidity (T-Sol) 🐍

Threaded Solidity (T-Sol) is an asynchronous dialect of the Solidity programming language specifically designed for the Actor Model of the TVM platform.

The Actor Model is based on the principles of asynchronous programming, allowing programs to perform other tasks while waiting for input or output operations to complete.

▶️Unlike the traditional Solidity used in EVM-like blockchains, T-Sol provides built-in support for concurrency. It enables non-blocking and concurrent execution of calls to accounts in the Venom blockchain, which consists of shards.

▶️T-Sol offers various features to support the Actor Model, such as access control, state management and isolation, message passing, actor management and interoperability.

Using the familiar Solidity syntax and widespread adoption among developers, the T-Sol dialect has become a handy tool for creating smart contracts and actor models in a TVM environment.

#venom #whitepaper #tvm #post

Venom Whitepaper: The Target Market 🐍

The eighth chapter of the whitepaper describes the target market for Venom blockchain, with specific examples of its use in various financial sectors. Here are the key takeaways:

🔵2022 showed that cryptocurrency market failures were most often caused by poor auditing practices of public blockchain platforms, mismanagement of funds, and all sorts of fraudulent practices

🔵In this regard, finding a balance between transparency and innovation of public blockchains, as well as the DeFi-ecosystem, and the stability of regulated markets is an effective solution

🔵The developers of Venom believe their blockchain can strike such a balance, as their product offers unique features such as account abstraction, cross-chain communications, «invisible» gas fees when dealing with Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)

🔵Proof of reserve (PoR) is a mechanism used to verify that a trading platform or cryptocurrency company has the assets it claims

🔵In order to create a robust PoR mechanism, Venom Foundation offers a heterogeneous multi-blockchain model that combines private and public blockchain features

🔵If regulatory requirements are met, Venom's private workchains can be used for CBDC issuance

🔵Due to interoperability, CBDCs can be used as collateral for stablecoins in Venom's public workchains

🔵Venom technologies can significantly improve processes in the trade finance industry by combining the benefits of public and private blockchains, implementing CBDCs and proof of reserve mechanisms

🔵Venom's partnerships with payment systems, exchanges and financial institutions will allow them to create a more secure and transparent environment for financial transactions

🔵The Venom Team recognizes that target markets are not limited to specific examples from the document, so encourages community members to share their ideas and experiences, collaborate and create products that can benefit everyone

#venom #whitepaper #tvm #post

Venom Whitepaper: Governance 🐍

The ninth chapter of the whitepaper describes Venom's blockchain Governance mechanism, as well as the role of the Venom Foundation in overseeing decision-making and providing resources for network development.

Here are the key takeaways:

🔵Venom's blockchain Governance mechanism aims to ensure the network is sustainable and successful in a changing economy

🔵The Venom Foundation oversees the decision-making process and supports the development of the ecosystem

🔵While the Venom Foundation has significant input into the governance of the network, a broad range of participants are expected to have a say in the decision-making process: users, validators, and developers

🔵Through an on-chain voting and proposal system, network participants can make decisions about upgrades, new features, and overall improvement of the network

🔵The governance aims to maintain and update the blockchain transparently, effectively, and securely

🔵Infrastructure governance involves raising proposals and voting by community members proportional to their contribution to network security and stability

🔵Resources governance involves the distribution of funds/assets/resources among contributors to the network's development

🔵The Venom Foundation grants support the expansion of the ecosystem with new products and services

🔵The Bug Bounty Program incentivizes security researchers and developers to identify and report vulnerabilities in the network

🔵Rewards in the program are based on the severity of vulnerabilities and the quality of reports

#venom #whitepaper #tvm #review #post

Threaded Virtual Machine (TVM) 💻

Threaded Virtual Machine is a type of virtual machine specifically optimized for parallel processing of threaded computations.

In the blockchain, TVM is used to execute smart contract code in the Masterchain and the Workchain Zero. It is currently involved in the Everscale, Venom, TON and GOSH blockchains.

By design, TVM has an asynchronous model of interaction between accounts. Each account can only affect the state of another account by sending a message. This allows multiple smart contracts to be processed simultaneously.

This processing approach results in a significant performance increase over traditional virtual machines.

Here are some of the benefits of using TVM:

⏺Security
⏺Scalability
⏺High performance
⏺Support for different programming languages

💡 Note that TVM works not only with 256-bit integers, but actually with (almost) arbitrary records and structures, making it more suitable for executing code written in high-level languages.

🔗 More details about the principles of TVM can be found in Nikolai Durov's whitepaper, and you can read some of the instructions and fixes applied to Everscale here.

#education #tvm #post

Threaded Solidity: How to write smart contracts for TVM-compatible blockchains ↗️

An article on writing smart contracts for for TVM-compatible blockchains has been published on the Broxus blog. Thanks to this guide, it will become easier for new external developers to meet Everscale and Venom smart contracts and start writing them themselves.

Smart contract files on the Everscale and Venom networks use the .tsol extension, which stands for Threaded Solidity, which differentiates asynchronous smart contracts from regular synchronous contracts on Solidity. A special Solidity code compiler was written into TVM machine instructions.

The testing of smart contracts is carried out using the Locklift framework. For further interaction with smart contracts, programmers should use the Everscale Inpage Provider — an SDK with a set of APIs for interacting with the Everscale and Venom blockchains.

Particularities of Threaded Solidity:
• smart contract code is executed on the Threaded Virtual Machine, which works with its own data structure or tree of cells
• these networks operate in an asynchronous manner
• all actions on the network are interactions between smart contracts via internal messages

The article provides detailed information for the developer: about cells, slices, builders in TVM, about the TVM namespace, about external and internal, incoming and outgoing messages, about authorization of external messages, about gas calculation, about smart contract deployment methods, etc.

🔗 Jump to the article

#ever #venom #broxus #guide #dev #post