The opinions now laid before the reader are presented as corollaries necessarily following from the principles upon which Free Trade itself rests.

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The bargain is still advantageous to the foreigner, because the commodity which he receives in exchange, though it has cost us less, would have cost him more.

Utility then is not the measure of exchangeable value, although it is absolutely essential to it.

Taxes are not now esteemed to be "like the dews of heaven, which return again in prolific showers."

In order to understand this part of the subject, we must inquire into the nature of rent, and the laws by which its rise or fall is regulated.

It would be endless to point out the oddities and incongruities which result from this classification.

By the discovery of America and the rich mines in which it abounds, a very great effect was produced on the natural price of the precious metals.

Capital, strictly speaking, has no productive power.

In the 7th chap. of the Wealth of Nations, all that concerns this question is most ably treated.

Surface soils and those rich in organic matter supply a varied field for the bacteriologist.

The natural price of labour, therefore, depends on the price of the food, necessaries, and conveniences required for the support of the labourer and his family.

The art of practical mechanics teaches how we may avail ourselves of those laws and properties, to increase our command over external nature.

The whole value of their commodities is divided into two portions only: one constitutes the profits of stock, the other the wages of labour.

They who hold this argument agree with me, that the profits of different employments have a tendency to conform to one another; to advance and recede together.

Capital may therefore be increased by an increased production, or by a diminished consumption.

A tax on raw produce would not be paid by the landlord; it would not be paid by the farmer; but it would be paid, in an increased price, by the consumer.

A tax on rent would affect rent only; it would fall wholly on landlords, and could not be shifted to any class of consumers.