A tax on rent would affect rent only; it would fall wholly on landlords, and could not be shifted to any class of consumers.

Tithes are a tax on the gross produce of the land, and, like taxes on raw produce, fall wholly on the consumer.

In no respect would such a tax differ from a tax on rent.

Taxes on gold are of two kinds, one on the actual quantity of gold in circulation, the other on the quantity that is annually produced from the mines.

A tax on the rent of houses may either fall on the occupier, on the ground landlord, or on the building landlord.

Taxes on those commodities, which are generally denominated luxuries, fall on those only who make use of them.

A tax on wages is wholly a tax on profits, a tax on necessaries is partly a tax on profits, and partly a tax on rich consumers.

The real expense is the twenty millions, and not the interest which must be paid for it.

The rate might equal or exceed the rent; but whether it did or not, no part of this rate would be paid by the landlord.

To sustain life, food is necessary, and the demand for food must continue in all ages, and in all countries.

"A man is rich or poor," says Adam Smith, "according to the degree in which he can afford to enjoy the necessaries, conveniences, and amusements of human life."

Productions are always bought by productions, money is only the medium by which the exchange is effected.

But how would the interest of the landlord be affected?

The produce does not pay the expense.

The advance in the price of money is the same thing as the decline in the price of commodities.

Adam Smith constantly magnifies the advantages which a country derives from a large gross, rather than a large net income.

It is not my intention to detain the reader by any long dissertation on the subject of money.

Spain and Portugal, the countries which possess the mines, are, after Poland, perhaps, the two most beggarly countries in Europe.

Eleven hundred pounds payable at the end of one year, when money is at 10 per cent. interest, is of no more value than 1000l. to be paid immediately.

This is true of monopolized commodities, and indeed of the market price of all other commodities for a limited period.