The vorticity has large variations across the mooring array (Fig. 2a). This is reflected in the NIW observations as large differences in the amplitude.

We begin with a detailed analysis of the simulation results for event 1, which occurred in the fall (Fig. 1c). This event is by far the most energetic NIW event

The authors use the PM model and the YBJ model to simulate the wind stress.

The YBJ kinetic energy budget may be formed by multiplying (2) by −𝑀∗ /2 and adding the complex conjugate.

The evolution of the NIW field at the OSMOSIS site in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean is strongly modulated by mesoscale eddies.

The no-normal flow condition is imposed by requiring ∇𝑀 = 0 at 𝑧 = 0 (Young and Ben Jelloul 1997), which eliminates the advection and dissipation terms.