In 1977, a BASIC version of ELIZA captivated personal computer users, spreading AI curiosity during the PC explosion, while the original MAD-SLIP ELIZA faded.

Explore how in an ironic twist ELIZA's Lisp adaptation overshadowed its original intent as a research platform, leading to widespread misinterpretation.

Discover ELIZA’s true role as a research platform for studying human-machine interaction, revealing its deeper purpose beyond being a simple chatbot.

Explore how recursion, lists, and graph theory relate to interpretation in AI.

Explore how interpretation, a key aspect of cognitive science, influences both human and AI understanding.

Explore Weizenbaum's 1962 paper on gomoku and how it critiques AI's potential to create an illusion of intelligence.

Discover how the IPL programming language, created by Newell, Shaw, and Simon, laid the foundation for early AI development.

Explore how Turing and Lovelace shaped the early foundations of AI, from the Turing Machine to symbolic computing, setting the stage for innovations like ELIZA.

The world's first chatbot, ELIZA, wasn't built to be a chatbot. Learn what its creator, Weizenbaum, designed it for.

ELIZA, created by Joseph Weizenbaum, was never meant to be a chatbot. Learn how this research tool’s accidental release shaped the AI world for decades.

This paper acknowledges the key contributors in the development of ELIZA, including the significant support from MIT Archivists and research team members.

ELIZA, designed to study human interaction with AI, instead became a symbol of AI misinterpretation, highlighting dangers of attributing machine intelligence.