The vorticity has large variations across the mooring array (Fig. 2a). This is reflected in the NIW observations as large differences in the amplitude.

We extract observations of NIWs from data collected for the Ocean Surface Mixing, Ocean Submesoscale Interaction Study

The YBJ kinetic energy budget may be formed by multiplying (2) by −𝑀∗ /2 and adding the complex conjugate.

The evolution of the NIW field at the OSMOSIS site in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean is strongly modulated by mesoscale eddies.

The study was written by Scott Conn, Joseph Fitzgerald, and Jorn Callies. The authors compared five surface mixed layer models with a year of observations

The no-normal flow condition is imposed by requiring ∇𝑀 = 0 at 𝑧 = 0 (Young and Ben Jelloul 1997), which eliminates the advection and dissipation terms.