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🏮 RAMAYANA

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📍 The composition of Ramayana can be placed between the 5th/4th century BCE and the 3rd century CE.

📍 Of seven Kandas (books), of which the first (Bala Kanda) and last (Uttara Kanda) are later interpolations.

📍 The Ramayana exists in the form of two main recensions—northern and southern.

📍 The language of the northern recension is more elaborate and polished than that of the southern one.

📍 The compact vocabulary and style indicate that the core of the text was the work of a single individual, identified as Valmiki.

📍 The popularity and dynamism of the Rama story is indicated by the fact that apart from the Valmiki Ramayana there are numerous other tellings of the story :-

• a Jaina version (the Paumachariu of Vimalasuri, in Prakrit),

• a Buddhist version (the Dasharatha Jataka in Pali),

• a 12th century Tamil version by Kamban (the Iramavataram), and

• The Ramcharitmanas (16th century) by Tulsidas, to name only a few.