In English, the suffix -less means without:
📍 The paint was almost colourless.
📍We serve meals for the homeless.
📍She is careless with her possessions. For example, she left her laptop on the sofa and later someone sat on it.
📍I admire my teacher’s selfless devotion.
📍He spent $10,000 on a flawless diamond ring for his wife.
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
📍 The paint was almost colourless.
📍We serve meals for the homeless.
📍She is careless with her possessions. For example, she left her laptop on the sofa and later someone sat on it.
📍I admire my teacher’s selfless devotion.
📍He spent $10,000 on a flawless diamond ring for his wife.
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
😂 Laugh vs. chuckle vs. giggle 😄
Common: express amusement or joy 😂
Differences: intensity, duration, pitch 🤭
Laugh – a spontaneous involuntary response, смеяться 🤣
Chuckle – a gentle form of laughter, lower in volume and intensity, посмеиваться 😂
Giggle – high-pitched laughter sounds, in response to something funny, хихикать 🤭
#bri_teachers_Anastasia
Common: express amusement or joy 😂
Differences: intensity, duration, pitch 🤭
Laugh – a spontaneous involuntary response, смеяться 🤣
Chuckle – a gentle form of laughter, lower in volume and intensity, посмеиваться 😂
Giggle – high-pitched laughter sounds, in response to something funny, хихикать 🤭
#bri_teachers_Anastasia
Time Phrases and Prepositions
So let’s look at some of the vocabulary and expressions that we use to talk about the different parts of the day.
☀️Day is the period from when the sun comes up until the sun goes down.
🌘Night is from sunset to sunrise. Of course, in the winter time, the days are shorter, and the nights are longer.
When we talk about the parts of the day, we do it this way:
🌅in the morning
🏞in the afternoon
🌆in the evening
🌃BUT, we say at night.
For example:
• I always walk my dog in the morning.
• Sometimes, she takes a nap in the afternoons.
• When I get home in the evening, she always greets me at the door.
• She’s quiet at night.
Speaking of night, in English, midnight is exactly 12:00 AM or 0:00, just as noon is exactly 12:00 PM. The period of time from about 12:00 AM to about 3:00 AM is called the middle of the night.
Do you sometimes stay up until midnight?
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
So let’s look at some of the vocabulary and expressions that we use to talk about the different parts of the day.
☀️Day is the period from when the sun comes up until the sun goes down.
🌘Night is from sunset to sunrise. Of course, in the winter time, the days are shorter, and the nights are longer.
When we talk about the parts of the day, we do it this way:
🌅in the morning
🏞in the afternoon
🌆in the evening
🌃BUT, we say at night.
For example:
• I always walk my dog in the morning.
• Sometimes, she takes a nap in the afternoons.
• When I get home in the evening, she always greets me at the door.
• She’s quiet at night.
Speaking of night, in English, midnight is exactly 12:00 AM or 0:00, just as noon is exactly 12:00 PM. The period of time from about 12:00 AM to about 3:00 AM is called the middle of the night.
Do you sometimes stay up until midnight?
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
5 Ways To Use Wonder💫
❓You can use wonder as a verb followed by a WH-question word.
• I wonder why Jack is late this morning.
• I wonder who is going to speak at the workshop.
• I wonder what happened to the pizza shop. It is closed today.
🧐You can also use wonder as a verb followed by IF.
• Wow, that new girl in the office is really cute. I wonder if she’s noticed me.
• I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.
🙏We also use the phrase I wonder if or I wonder whether to make a polite request or invitatition.
• I wonder if you can help me. I’m looking for the subway station.
• I wonder whether you would be able to come to the party with me.
🤷We use the phrase It’s no wonder to mean, it’s not surprising or it’s clear that. Sometimes, in conversation, we drop it’s and we just say, no wonder.
• It’s no wonder Jack got sick. He always goes out without a jacket.
So in other words, it’s not surprising that Jack got sick.
I could also say, No wonder Jack got sick. He always goes out without a jacket on.
👍And finally, we say that something works wonders. This means that something works very well. The structure is [something] works wonders for [something] or [something] works wonders when.
• This medicine works wonders for shoulder and back pain.
It means, this medicine works very well for shoulder and back pain.
• A few days off of work will work wonders for relieving your stress.
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
❓You can use wonder as a verb followed by a WH-question word.
• I wonder why Jack is late this morning.
• I wonder who is going to speak at the workshop.
• I wonder what happened to the pizza shop. It is closed today.
🧐You can also use wonder as a verb followed by IF.
• Wow, that new girl in the office is really cute. I wonder if she’s noticed me.
• I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.
🙏We also use the phrase I wonder if or I wonder whether to make a polite request or invitatition.
• I wonder if you can help me. I’m looking for the subway station.
• I wonder whether you would be able to come to the party with me.
🤷We use the phrase It’s no wonder to mean, it’s not surprising or it’s clear that. Sometimes, in conversation, we drop it’s and we just say, no wonder.
• It’s no wonder Jack got sick. He always goes out without a jacket.
So in other words, it’s not surprising that Jack got sick.
I could also say, No wonder Jack got sick. He always goes out without a jacket on.
👍And finally, we say that something works wonders. This means that something works very well. The structure is [something] works wonders for [something] or [something] works wonders when.
• This medicine works wonders for shoulder and back pain.
It means, this medicine works very well for shoulder and back pain.
• A few days off of work will work wonders for relieving your stress.
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
📩 How do we say the symbols while telling our email address to someone?
Let’s look and learn!
#bri_teachers_Maria
Let’s look and learn!
#bri_teachers_Maria
Subject-verb agreement
1️⃣ Does anybody want coffee?
2️⃣ I hope someone has a good idea.
3️⃣ Nobody likes rainy weather.
4️⃣ The club meets on Monday nights.
5️⃣ The basketball team has a new coach. (Am)
6️⃣ My family are visiting me for the holidays. (Br)
7️⃣ The committee makes important decisions.
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
1️⃣ Does anybody want coffee?
2️⃣ I hope someone has a good idea.
3️⃣ Nobody likes rainy weather.
4️⃣ The club meets on Monday nights.
5️⃣ The basketball team has a new coach. (Am)
6️⃣ My family are visiting me for the holidays. (Br)
7️⃣ The committee makes important decisions.
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
Using Have
🐶First of all, have is used when we talk about possession and ownership.
• Tom has a dog, but Greg has a cat.
👫You can use have when you talk about relationships.
• Do you have a big family?
💊We also use have to talk about health problems.
• Mom has a headache, so she’s taking a nap.
🎊We also use have to talk about hosting an event.
• We are having a birthday party for Jane. Can you come?
☺️Next, we use have + an adjective to describe our experience.
• I had a good time at the party last night.
🫡Finally, we use have + an infinitive (that’s the to + verb) to talk about obligations.
• I have to work on Sundays.
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
🐶First of all, have is used when we talk about possession and ownership.
• Tom has a dog, but Greg has a cat.
👫You can use have when you talk about relationships.
• Do you have a big family?
💊We also use have to talk about health problems.
• Mom has a headache, so she’s taking a nap.
🎊We also use have to talk about hosting an event.
• We are having a birthday party for Jane. Can you come?
☺️Next, we use have + an adjective to describe our experience.
• I had a good time at the party last night.
🫡Finally, we use have + an infinitive (that’s the to + verb) to talk about obligations.
• I have to work on Sundays.
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
🦄Here are some phrases that include the word "unicorn":
1. Chasing unicorns - Pursuing something elusive or unattainable.
2. Unicorn dreams - Aspirations or fantasies that seem magical or impossible.
3. The last unicorn - Referring to something rare or unique.
4. Unicorns in the wild - Referring to rare opportunities or events.
5. A unicorn among horses - A standout individual in a group.
6. Living in a unicorn world - Dreaming or believing in a fantastical reality.
✨✨✨
#bri_teachers_Maria
1. Chasing unicorns - Pursuing something elusive or unattainable.
2. Unicorn dreams - Aspirations or fantasies that seem magical or impossible.
3. The last unicorn - Referring to something rare or unique.
4. Unicorns in the wild - Referring to rare opportunities or events.
5. A unicorn among horses - A standout individual in a group.
6. Living in a unicorn world - Dreaming or believing in a fantastical reality.
✨✨✨
#bri_teachers_Maria
⭐️ The preposition “ahead” is used for thinking about the future:
We need to think ahead at least five years if we want our company to have long-term success.
⭐️ The preposition “back” is used for thinking about the past:
I like to think back on my college years; that was a great time in my life.
⭐️ “Think up” is an expression that means to imagine, invent, or create an idea:
We need to think up a way to distract Laura while we plan her surprise party.
⭐️ “Think to” is most frequently used with “myself” – when you think about something, but you don’t say it or share it with any other person. “Think to myself” is often followed by a direct statement of the thought:
A couple of months ago, I thought to myself, I wonder what it would be like to travel there, and now we’ve booked tickets!
⭐️ “Didn’t think to” can also be used when something did not even enter your mind:
I’m annoyed because all my friends went to the movies and didn’t think to invite me.
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
⭐️ The preposition “back” is used for thinking about the past:
⭐️ “Think up” is an expression that means to imagine, invent, or create an idea:
⭐️ “Think to” is most frequently used with “myself” – when you think about something, but you don’t say it or share it with any other person. “Think to myself” is often followed by a direct statement of the thought:
⭐️ “Didn’t think to” can also be used when something did not even enter your mind:
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
Appointment, Reservation, Meeting, & Plans
📝We use appointment when we talk about arrangements we have with a person. Usually, it’s a professional person, like a doctor, a lawyer, a tutor, or a personal trainer. You can make or have an appointment.
• I have a dentist appointment on Thursday morning.
• Jenny made an appointment with her trainer at 4:00.
✈️We use reservation when we talk about arrangements we have with a company. Usually, a reservation is for travel and leisure situations. So the company would be something like hotels, restaurants, and airlines. You can make or have a reservation.
• She made a reservation for 6:00 PM at our favorite Italian restaurant.
• Cathy has reservations at a really nice hotel in Vegas.
💼Next, we use meeting in business situations when people get together to discuss business. You can hold or have a meeting.
• On Friday I have a meeting with a publishing company.
• The board of directors will hold a meeting on September 1st.
👫Lastly, we use plans when we talk about arrangements we have with friends or family. And, we generally use the word plans in the plural form. You can make or have plans.
• I have plans with my sister for dinner.
• On Friday I have plans with my friends to meet in Times Square.
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
📝We use appointment when we talk about arrangements we have with a person. Usually, it’s a professional person, like a doctor, a lawyer, a tutor, or a personal trainer. You can make or have an appointment.
• I have a dentist appointment on Thursday morning.
• Jenny made an appointment with her trainer at 4:00.
✈️We use reservation when we talk about arrangements we have with a company. Usually, a reservation is for travel and leisure situations. So the company would be something like hotels, restaurants, and airlines. You can make or have a reservation.
• She made a reservation for 6:00 PM at our favorite Italian restaurant.
• Cathy has reservations at a really nice hotel in Vegas.
💼Next, we use meeting in business situations when people get together to discuss business. You can hold or have a meeting.
• On Friday I have a meeting with a publishing company.
• The board of directors will hold a meeting on September 1st.
👫Lastly, we use plans when we talk about arrangements we have with friends or family. And, we generally use the word plans in the plural form. You can make or have plans.
• I have plans with my sister for dinner.
• On Friday I have plans with my friends to meet in Times Square.
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
Future situation 4 – Decisions in the Moment, Promises, Offers
👕 I’ll take the blue T-shirt.
📞 I’ll call you at 5:00.
📝 I’ll help you with your homework.
Future situation 5 – Scheduled Events
✈️ Our flight leaves at 8:00 tomorrow morning.
🗓️ The conference starts next Thursday.
🧺 The supermarket closes in 15 minutes.
Future situation 6 – Actions That Will Be Completed Before a Specific Time in the Future
👨💼By the time I leave work, I will have finished the project.
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
👕 I’ll take the blue T-shirt.
📞 I’ll call you at 5:00.
📝 I’ll help you with your homework.
Future situation 5 – Scheduled Events
✈️ Our flight leaves at 8:00 tomorrow morning.
🗓️ The conference starts next Thursday.
🧺 The supermarket closes in 15 minutes.
Future situation 6 – Actions That Will Be Completed Before a Specific Time in the Future
👨💼By the time I leave work, I will have finished the project.
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
Beside vs. Besides – Confusing English Words
Beside is a preposition of location. Beside has the same meaning as "next to", and we generally use beside to show the physical location of something. We use beside plus a noun. Here are some examples:
🏘 There is a nice café beside the building that my office is in.
👬 Jack is standing beside his boss in the photo.
On the other hand, besides as a preposition means “in addition to” or “apart from”. We use besides to talk about one thing which is in addition to other things. Here are some examples:
🍩 Besides being sweet, I think donuts are not healthy.
🎾 Besides tennis, Jack plays golf and soccer.
We can also use besides as an adverb, meaning “in addition” or “as well”. In this way, besides can come at the beginning or the end of a sentence. For example:
👔 I didn’t go to the gym because I hurt my back shoveling snow. Besides, I had to go to work.
👨🎓 Jack is a smart guy and works hard. He knows computers, databases, and a lot more besides.
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
Beside is a preposition of location. Beside has the same meaning as "next to", and we generally use beside to show the physical location of something. We use beside plus a noun. Here are some examples:
🏘 There is a nice café beside the building that my office is in.
👬 Jack is standing beside his boss in the photo.
On the other hand, besides as a preposition means “in addition to” or “apart from”. We use besides to talk about one thing which is in addition to other things. Here are some examples:
🍩 Besides being sweet, I think donuts are not healthy.
🎾 Besides tennis, Jack plays golf and soccer.
We can also use besides as an adverb, meaning “in addition” or “as well”. In this way, besides can come at the beginning or the end of a sentence. For example:
👔 I didn’t go to the gym because I hurt my back shoveling snow. Besides, I had to go to work.
👨🎓 Jack is a smart guy and works hard. He knows computers, databases, and a lot more besides.
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
🌈What does your favourite colour say about you?
1. 🔴Red: Often associated with passion, energy, and action. People who favor red may be seen as confident, adventurous, and enthusiastic.
2. 🔵Blue: Typically linked to calmness, reliability, and tranquility. Those who prefer blue might be perceived as trustworthy abd stable.
3. 🟢Green: Associated with nature, growth, and harmony. A preference for green may indicate a love for the outdoors, a desire for balance, and a nurturing personality.
4. 🟡Yellow: Often connected with happiness, optimism, and creativity. Yellow lovers might be seen as cheerful, playful, and full of energy.
5. 🟣Purple: Linked to luxury, spirituality, and mystery. People who like purple may be viewed as imaginative, unique, and introspective.
6. 🟠Orange: Represents enthusiasm, warmth, and vibrancy. Those who favor orange are often seen as friendly, outgoing, and adventurous.
7. 🎀Pink: Associated with love, compassion, and nurturing. Pink enthusiasts may be perceived as caring, gentle, and romantic.
8. ⚫️Black: Often represents sophistication, power, and elegance. Those who prefer black might be seen as independent, strong-willed, and sometimes mysterious.
9. ⚪️White: Symbolizes purity, simplicity, and clarity. People who favor white may be viewed as organized, peaceful, and straightforward.
10. 🟤Brown: Associated with stability, reliability, and comfort. Brown lovers might be seen as down-to-earth, practical, and grounded.
#bri_teachers_Maria
1. 🔴Red: Often associated with passion, energy, and action. People who favor red may be seen as confident, adventurous, and enthusiastic.
2. 🔵Blue: Typically linked to calmness, reliability, and tranquility. Those who prefer blue might be perceived as trustworthy abd stable.
3. 🟢Green: Associated with nature, growth, and harmony. A preference for green may indicate a love for the outdoors, a desire for balance, and a nurturing personality.
4. 🟡Yellow: Often connected with happiness, optimism, and creativity. Yellow lovers might be seen as cheerful, playful, and full of energy.
5. 🟣Purple: Linked to luxury, spirituality, and mystery. People who like purple may be viewed as imaginative, unique, and introspective.
6. 🟠Orange: Represents enthusiasm, warmth, and vibrancy. Those who favor orange are often seen as friendly, outgoing, and adventurous.
7. 🎀Pink: Associated with love, compassion, and nurturing. Pink enthusiasts may be perceived as caring, gentle, and romantic.
8. ⚫️Black: Often represents sophistication, power, and elegance. Those who prefer black might be seen as independent, strong-willed, and sometimes mysterious.
9. ⚪️White: Symbolizes purity, simplicity, and clarity. People who favor white may be viewed as organized, peaceful, and straightforward.
10. 🟤Brown: Associated with stability, reliability, and comfort. Brown lovers might be seen as down-to-earth, practical, and grounded.
#bri_teachers_Maria
1️⃣ I talked to my manager last Monday, (?) she got back from her business trip.
A when
B where
C whose
2️⃣ I bought the toy (?) my son wanted for Christmas.
A who
B when
C that
3️⃣ We spent two days in Berlin, (?) we took a walking tour of the city.
A where
B which
C that
4️⃣ He has climbed Mount McKinley, (?) the highest mountain in the United States.
A which
B where
C that
5️⃣ I'm looking for a store (?) I can buy organic vegetables.
A where
B that
C why
🔑
1. when 2. that 3. where 4. which 5. where
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
A when
B where
C whose
2️⃣ I bought the toy (?) my son wanted for Christmas.
A who
B when
C that
3️⃣ We spent two days in Berlin, (?) we took a walking tour of the city.
A where
B which
C that
4️⃣ He has climbed Mount McKinley, (?) the highest mountain in the United States.
A which
B where
C that
5️⃣ I'm looking for a store (?) I can buy organic vegetables.
A where
B that
C why
🔑
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
Home vs. House – Confusing Vocabulary
🏢If you live in a big city, you might live in a building that you share with other people and families. If you pay rent, then this building is called an apartment building. In the apartment building, there are many apartments, and different people rent one apartment in the building. Thus, you can use the word apartment to talk about the building or the space you rent inside the building.
My apartment is on 79th street, near the museum. (Here, apartment means the building.)
I’m having a party on Friday, so I need to clean my apartment. (Here, apartment means my space in the building.)
🏯A condominium is just like an apartment building, except you buy and not rent the space you live in. Most people use the short form of condominium, which is condo. Here too, you can use the word condominium or condo to talk about the building or the space you own inside the building.
🏠Many people talk about their apartment or condo using the word house. So, the meaning of the word house here is “the space I live in.” Even though the space you live in is in an apartment building or a condominium building, you can use house. Of course, the word house also refers to a small building where one family lives.
Joe just bought a new house.
💛Basically then, house refers to the building, but home refers to the atmosphere and warmth in the building. Here are some ways we use the word home:
I want to go home for the holidays.
When you return from being outside, you say, “I’m home!”
I’m going to stay home tonight. I’m a little tired.
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
🏢If you live in a big city, you might live in a building that you share with other people and families. If you pay rent, then this building is called an apartment building. In the apartment building, there are many apartments, and different people rent one apartment in the building. Thus, you can use the word apartment to talk about the building or the space you rent inside the building.
My apartment is on 79th street, near the museum. (Here, apartment means the building.)
I’m having a party on Friday, so I need to clean my apartment. (Here, apartment means my space in the building.)
🏯A condominium is just like an apartment building, except you buy and not rent the space you live in. Most people use the short form of condominium, which is condo. Here too, you can use the word condominium or condo to talk about the building or the space you own inside the building.
🏠Many people talk about their apartment or condo using the word house. So, the meaning of the word house here is “the space I live in.” Even though the space you live in is in an apartment building or a condominium building, you can use house. Of course, the word house also refers to a small building where one family lives.
Joe just bought a new house.
💛Basically then, house refers to the building, but home refers to the atmosphere and warmth in the building. Here are some ways we use the word home:
I want to go home for the holidays.
When you return from being outside, you say, “I’m home!”
I’m going to stay home tonight. I’m a little tired.
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
Prepositions with Work
📌We use work at followed by a place or a task.
The boss was working at his desk all day.
I had a problem with my computer, and I was working at it for a few hours until it was solved.
📊We use work for followed by a company, a cause, or a person:
Jack works for New York City Finance downtown.
Jenny has been working for animal rights all her life.
Did you know, Teddy used to work for Jack Welch?
🧩Next, we use work in followed by a field or industry:
I’ve been working in international education for more than 20 years.
📝We use work on followed by a task:
Jack works on finance reports for the bank.
⚒We use work with followed by a body part, a tool, or a person:
Freddy is a plumber, so he works with his hands.
Jack works with a computer and a financial calculator.
I worked with Greg and Nobi in my previous job.
🏋By the way, work out is a phrasal verb, and it means exercise:
I need to start working out, but it’s so difficult to get started!
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
📌We use work at followed by a place or a task.
The boss was working at his desk all day.
I had a problem with my computer, and I was working at it for a few hours until it was solved.
📊We use work for followed by a company, a cause, or a person:
Jack works for New York City Finance downtown.
Jenny has been working for animal rights all her life.
Did you know, Teddy used to work for Jack Welch?
🧩Next, we use work in followed by a field or industry:
I’ve been working in international education for more than 20 years.
📝We use work on followed by a task:
Jack works on finance reports for the bank.
⚒We use work with followed by a body part, a tool, or a person:
Freddy is a plumber, so he works with his hands.
Jack works with a computer and a financial calculator.
I worked with Greg and Nobi in my previous job.
🏋By the way, work out is a phrasal verb, and it means exercise:
I need to start working out, but it’s so difficult to get started!
#Bri_teachers_Lyubov
📦Could you please help me move these boxes?
🚙 Could you possibly give me a ride to the airport on Friday?
📚 Could I trouble you to take these books back to the library for me?
❓Would you mind answering a few questions for my research?
🛒 I was wondering if you could pick up some groceries for me.
🙏🏻 I was hoping you could lend me your lawn mower this afternoon.
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
🚙 Could you possibly give me a ride to the airport on Friday?
📚 Could I trouble you to take these books back to the library for me?
❓Would you mind answering a few questions for my research?
🛒 I was wondering if you could pick up some groceries for me.
🙏🏻 I was hoping you could lend me your lawn mower this afternoon.
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
📍I might tell someone, I’m having trouble getting this jar open, can you help me?
📍If some kids in the classroom are talking loudly and behaving badly, they’re making trouble, because they’re causing it to be more difficult for everyone else to learn.
📍My dad helps a lot of people with their computer problems, and not only he fixes the problems, but he also takes the trouble to explain.
📍The kids are having fun at the birthday party.
📍We had fun at the beach last weekend.
📍In college, my friends used to make fun of me for being tall, and I used to laugh about it, too.
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda
📍If some kids in the classroom are talking loudly and behaving badly, they’re making trouble, because they’re causing it to be more difficult for everyone else to learn.
📍My dad helps a lot of people with their computer problems, and not only he fixes the problems, but he also takes the trouble to explain.
📍The kids are having fun at the birthday party.
📍We had fun at the beach last weekend.
📍In college, my friends used to make fun of me for being tall, and I used to laugh about it, too.
#bri_teachers_Nadezhda