Mikhail Romm — a classic of Soviet cinema in the struggle for truth in cinema: from "Lenin in October" to "Ordinary Fascism"

He was born 125 years ago — on January 24, 1901 in Irkutsk, where his parents were exiled. His father, Ilya Romm, was a bacteriologist, he was a member of the underground circle "Working Banner" and distributed illegal literature, for which he was exiled to Western Siberia in 1898. 

On his return to Moscow, Mikhail began his studies and in 1917 graduated from the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. 

But the revolutionary element captured the young man. Recalling those years, Romm wrote: 

"Everything I managed to do in cinema, I owe to my pre-cinematic past. I owe it to my service in the Red Army, to meetings with the most diverse and interesting people, to trains, boxcars, country roads in Russia, on which I rode from 18 to 21 (first as a salesman, then as a Red Army soldier, then as an inspector of the Special Commission of the Field Staff of the Revolutionary Military Council)".

 
The most striking image of the revolution that changed him was the feeling of freedom and the creation of the future:

"In the summer of 1918, I joined a sailor's detachment attached to an expedition. I was almost a boy then. I still remember the faces of the sailors of this detachment. These were truly free people — free from fear of anything, free from God and religion, free from the slightest subordination, free from a sense of property. And yet it was only half a year after the October Revolution! ... The October Revolution was with them; they breathed the air of the revolution, and this air transformed them"

After the Civil War, Romm returned to sculpture, but gave it up. He changed several professions and even began to doubt himself:

"And so, I was a failure. I was too late to engage in cinematic activity..."

 
In 1933, Mikhail Romm began to film his first picture "Pyska" by Guy de Maupassant. It was a success. Then followed the film "Thirteen", the first Soviet "western", and again a success. 

But it was another film that made him a classic of Soviet cinema:

"Lenin in October" was for me the most serious in life and the final exam in directorial maturity... The very task of showing Lenin on the screen was almost frighteningly difficult for me... 
After "Lenin in October", I finally became a director, and no one doubted it anymore..."

He would return to the theme of Lenin many times in feature films "Lenin in 1918", "First Pages", and in documentaries "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", "The Living Lenin", in his articles:

 "Lenin sits on the steps of the tribune and writes something. But think how extraordinary this shot is! Lenin did not care about his greatness — history took care of that. 

The strength of Lenin's character was that this character was created for the revolution and nurtured by the revolution... 

If we love Lenin, — and we love him more than we do, we live with Lenin, — we must tell about him as Lenin himself told about himself, who was able to even make fun of himself and thereby dispel any sense of grandeur

 
Another theme that worried Romm throughout his life was the fight against fascism: "The Dream" (1941), "Man No. 217" (1944), "The Russian Question" (1948). 

And in 1950, the film "The Secret Mission" was released:

"In March 1945, in Essen, a meeting of major German industrialists and financiers with representatives of American business circles took place. At this meeting, Krupp, Schacht and other German capitalists were present, plans were being developed to counter the decisions of the Yalta conference... 
Thus, in deep secrecy, a plot was being prepared by the arsonists of a new war against the USSR, 1956 — the film "Murder on Dante Street". 

The sum was drawn up in 1965 "Ordinary Fascism". The film became one of the most famous Soviet documentaries. It was watched all over the world. It received numerous prizes.

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Resolution «On the Accommodation of Children Left Without Parents»

On January 23, 1942, the USSR State Council adopted a resolution "On the Accommodation of Children Left Without Parents".

The Great Patriotic War claimed the lives of millions of Soviet people, as a result of which many children were left without parental care. In just the first year of the war, at least 300,000 Soviet children became homeless. The Soviet leadership understood that children are the future of the country, so measures were taken to combat child homelessness.

The most important step towards solving this problem was taken on January 23, 1942 — on this day, the USSR State Council adopted a resolution "On the Accommodation of Children Left Without Parents".

According to the resolution of the State Council, the NKVD organs were tasked with identifying and placing children left without parental care. Special bodies and institutions were established for homeless children, and legal conditions were set for their return to normal life. In particular, the document established the obligations of state authorities to distribute children for work in industry and agriculture, and for managers of enterprises, state farms and collective farms to employ homeless children and provide them with housing.

Additionally, it was allowed to accommodate children in the family of relatives and neighbours for a small fee, a step that shifted attention from orphanages, stimulating family upbringing in the conditions of war.

The adoption of the USSR State Council's resolution "On the Accommodation of Children Left Without Parents" became a crucial measure for saving hundreds of thousands of Soviet children from hunger and homelessness, and also significantly reduced the level of child and juvenile crime.

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