Greater alignment of the major economic powers is needed around a collective effort to improve security of supply for decarbonisation goods.

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🇳🇱 Bruegel

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The EU has outperformed the US on per-capita output growth; in terms of output per hour worked, some EU countries are as productive as the US

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🇳🇱 Bruegel

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This paper highlights that recessions result in permanent increases in energy efficiency and in the share of renewables in total electricity.

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🇳🇱 Bruegel

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Demand cuts, alternative supply and the green energy rollout mean the EU likely has enough gas for winter, even if Russian supplies are cut completely

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🇳🇱 Bruegel

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Our analysis reveals that ageing accounts for only about 1 percentage point of the GDP growth rate deceleration over the past decade.

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🇳🇱 Bruegel

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Servicing the EU debt until 2058 seems feasible, despite increased borrowing costs, but member countries must make choices about budget funding

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🇳🇱 Bruegel

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Three possible policy pathways could lead to improvement and systemic change in the aviation and maritime sectors.

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🇳🇱 Bruegel

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This paper focuses on the fiscal adjustment that the first regulation would require of countries with debt above the treaty benchmarks.

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🇳🇱 Bruegel

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The paper investigates the legal feasibility of the EU borrowing on the capital market to finance European public goods.

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🇳🇱 Bruegel

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This policy brief sets out policy proposals to enhance governance in order to safeguard EU decarbonisation.

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🇳🇱 Bruegel

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Demographic aging and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve

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🇫🇮 Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers

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Optimal carbon leakage

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🇫🇮 Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers

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Sustainability and private investors

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🇫🇮 Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers

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Assessing targeted longer-term refinancing operations : identification through search intensity

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🇫🇮 Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers

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Monetary policy rules : model uncertainty meets design limits

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🇫🇮 Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers

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Monetary policy transmission below zero

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🇫🇮 Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers

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Identifying money and inflation expectation shocks on real oil prices

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🇫🇮 Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers

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Cognitive constraints and economic incentives

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🇫🇮 Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers

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News or animal spirits? Consumer confidence and economic activity: Redux

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🇫🇮 Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers

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Climate-related disclosure commitment of the lenders, credit rationing, and borrower environmental performance

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🇫🇮 Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers

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