🔶 REPORTED SPEECH 🔶


Present simple, present continuous and present perfect


♦️ When we backshift, present simple changes to past simple, present continuous changes to past continuous and present perfect changes to past perfect.

✨ I travel a lot in my job.
‘Jamila said that she travelled a lot in her job.’

✨ The baby is sleeping .
‘He told me the baby was sleeping.’

✨ I have hurt my leg.
‘She said she had hurt her leg.’



♦️ Pronouns, demonstratives and adverbs of time and place if they are no longer accurate, change in indirect speech.


🔹these changes to those,

🔸now changes to then,

🔹yesterday changes to the day before,

🔸tomorrow changes to the next/following day,

🔹ago changes to before.


✨ This is my house
➖He said this was his house. [You are currently in front of the house.]
➖He said that was his house. [You are not currently in front of the house.]



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📍So as to 📍


♦️So as to is used to express the purpose of an action. It can be used at the beginning of a sentence.
We generally use “so as to” before stative verbs.


〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️


✨Examples :


➕You must have a reason so as to learn English!!

➕So as to solve the problem, I must understand the question.

➕We must burn more wood so as not to be cold.

➕I will do my best so as to teach you French.



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