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ModuleNotFoundError (noob tutorial for DO droplet)

I'm just learning Linux and this is my first time setting up a server. I've got a DigitalOcean droplet and installed Ubuntu 24.04 (LTS) x64. Got SSH and firewall up and running and added a domain. So it was time to get Flask installed and move my site over from the DO App Platform.

Step 1
I'm following this tutorial (from 2013!) on DO's site: How To Deploy a Flask Application on an Ubuntu VPS. I'm also following along with this YouTube that's a bit more recent that follows DO's tutorial.

Step 2
Everything was fine until I got to sudo pip3 install virtualenv.

I got error: externally-managed-environment. After a bunch of googling and troubleshooting, I used sudo pip3 install virtualenv --break-system-packages to install it. And it installed.

Step 3
Next steps sudo virtualenv venv followed by source venv/bin/activate went fine. But then...

Step 4
(venv) sudo pip3 install Flask resulted in:

> error: externally-managed-environment
> × This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to


/r/flask
https://redd.it/1hx5nui
We made an open source web-app to self-host your documents and interact with them using LLMs

Hi everyone, our team are happy to share our hobby project `Kotaemon` \- an open-source web app to organize and chat with your document collections privately.

[https://github.com/Cinnamon/kotaemon](https://github.com/Cinnamon/kotaemon)

# Live demos

[https://cin-model-kotaemon.hf.space](https://cin-model-kotaemon.hf.space/) (demo space for QA on academic paper collection).

[https://huggingface.co/spaces/cin-model/kotaemon-demo](https://huggingface.co/spaces/cin-model/kotaemon-demo) (static UI demo on HuggingFace space).

# Key features (what we think that it is special):

* **Clean & minimalistic UI.** Support Dark/Light mode and responsive UI.
* **Support multi-users**. Users can be managed directly on the web UI. Files can be organized to Public / Private collections. Share your chat conversation with others for collaboration!
* **Multi-modal QA support**. Ask question on documents with tables / figures or images as you do with normal text documents. Visualize knowledge-graph and mindmap upon retrieval process.
* **Advance citations support.** Preview citation with highlight directly on *in-browser PDF viewer*. Perform QA on any sub-set of documents, with relevant score from AI models.
* **Complex question solving.** Use Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning mode to break down and solve complex questions step-by-step.

We provide multiple installation options: Docker image, local setup script, one-click deployment template on private cloud (HuggingFace space): [https://cinnamon.github.io/kotaemon/](https://cinnamon.github.io/kotaemon/)

We'd love to hear your feedback and thoughts. Cheers!

/r/Python
https://redd.it/1hx3qcl
D Why does training LLMs suck so much?

I work in hardware acceleration and have been slowly trying to move my focus into LLM/GenAI acceleration, but training LLMs literally sucks so much... Even just 100M parameter ones takes forever on 4 A6000 Adas, and while I don't spend idle time watching these, it gets so frustrating having to retrain realizing the LR is too high or some other small issue preventing convergence or general causal language understanding...

I know the more you do something, the better you get at it, but as a GRA by myself with an idea I want to implement, I truly feel that the overhead to train even a small LM is far from worth the time and care you have to put in

It just sucks because deadlines are always coming, and once you're done with pretraining, you still have to fine-tune and likely do some kind of outlier-aware quantization or even train LoRA adapters for higher accuracy

I really hope to never do pretraining again, but needing a model that abides to your specific size constraints to fit into (for example) your NPU's scratchpad RAM means I'm always stuck pretraining

Hopefully in the future, I can have undergrads do my pretraining for me, but for

/r/MachineLearning
https://redd.it/1hx6q8r
Cyantic - build complex objects from simple blueprints using pydantic

# What the project does

Cyantic lets you build complex types from simple blueprints in your pydantic models, with type-safety and validation built in.

**https://github.com/flywhl/cyantic**

* Type-safe blueprints with validation, since they are pydantic models.
* Reference other values using `@value:x.y.z`
* Import objects using `@import:x.y.z`
* Load data from environment variables using `@env:VAR`
* Define custom @hook handlers (see tests)

For my work, I have to instantiate a lot of `torch.Tensors`, and I wanted a way to do this from YAML specs (how I specify models). So I built a kind of middleware, which uses intermediary Pydantic models as blueprints, and instantiates them into full objects during pydantic's build process. Now I can pass in parameters (mean and standard deviation), and get a fully-built `Tensor` in a pydantic model.

This is now a library, Cyantic - named after cyanotype photography (i.e. the "blueprint").

# Target Audience

It's clearly useful for science/data-science work, esp as scientists start moving away from `dict`s to use pydantic.

I think this would also be useful for general config management, using the `@hooks` API. You can stitch YAML files together, re-use sections of YAML, etc..

# Comparisons

I haven't looked for alternatives, but would love to hear about other builder/aggregator libraries for pydantic.

/r/Python
https://redd.it/1hxbarx
I built a "CodePen for Django Templates"

Hi all,

I have built a online Django Template Playground that renders the template in the backend using Django's template engine, letting you even choose which version of Django to use.



It also support creating snippets, which allows sharing of specific template snippets in a cool “try, change & play with it” kind of way.
For example this snippet: https://tech-playground.com/snippet/literate-wonderful-kittiwake/



The whole thing is also a Django app in the background, which I will share some more on in the near future.

/r/django
https://redd.it/1hxbu0f
Full stack online forum project (Django + React).

Built an Online Forum Platform designed to deliver an engaging and dynamic user experience. This platform is built using Django for the backend and ReactJS for the frontend.

# Key Features:

* **Tags & Questions**: Users can create tags and post questions with detailed descriptions.
* **Interactive Q&A**: Seamless Q&A section where users can answer questions and interact through likes and dislikes.
* **User Authentication**: Only authenticated users can create posts or provide answers, ensuring a secure and engaging community.
* **Real-Time Updates**: Integrated WebSockets for instant notifications when new questions are posted.
* **Search by Tags**: Easily find posts based on specific tags.
* **Pagination**: Smooth navigation for browsing large volumes of content efficiently.

# 🔑 Tech Stack:

* **Backend**: Django
* **Frontend**: ReactJS
* **Real-Time Updates**: WebSockets

**Note**: The backend is deployed using Render's free plan, which may cause a delay of 50 seconds or more for requests.

Your suggestions and feedback are always welcome. Thank you!

Guide: Do signup then login then you can create tags and posts.

Link is in the comment =>>>>>>>

/r/djangolearning
https://redd.it/1hxdhxr
Python in DevOps: My Favorite Tools

Hey! 👋

I rely on Python to do a lot of Ops / DevOps-type automation: automate workflows, create dashboards, manage infrastructure, and build helpful tools. Over time, I’ve found some Python-based approaches that make these tasks much easier and more efficient. Here’s what I use:

Custom dashboards with Flask and Prometheus Client
Automating workflows Schedule, then RQ, then finally Airflow
Network analysis with Scapy
Click / Typer / Rich for CLI (Starting with Click, but always moving past it at some point)

And, of course, a bunch more.

I made a list here:

https://www.pulumi.com/blog/python-for-devops/

Then, for fun, I tried to use Python for everything in a single service - using dagger for the container and pulumi for the Infra. ( I work for pulumi bc I'm a big fan of being able to use Python this way :) )

Code: https://github.com/adamgordonbell/service-status-monitor

What am I missing in my list?

/r/Python
https://redd.it/1hxjv2o
Deep dive into Python on a plane

Keep meaning to learn how to use Python but never found the time. I am due to have a long flight in a few days and my plan is to deep dive into it.

Any resources that I should download in advance?

I have Youtube video so send me on any recommends.

Already have "How to automate the boring stuff" , "pythonlearn" and "thinkpython2"


Wish me luck :)

/r/Python
https://redd.it/1hxlm9s
I have a question

is there a way when writing the helper text to make text associated with an argument show bold when that argument is active? for example :param option_id: integer or string representation of an integer for an option ID in the picture shown here

https://preview.redd.it/mi75onaig1ce1.png?width=777&format=png&auto=webp&s=de7916246ce4b51efbfef4e255626834a62dc975



/r/django
https://redd.it/1hxo5ub
Friday Daily Thread: r/Python Meta and Free-Talk Fridays

# Weekly Thread: Meta Discussions and Free Talk Friday 🎙️

Welcome to Free Talk Friday on /r/Python! This is the place to discuss the r/Python community (meta discussions), Python news, projects, or anything else Python-related!

## How it Works:

1. Open Mic: Share your thoughts, questions, or anything you'd like related to Python or the community.
2. Community Pulse: Discuss what you feel is working well or what could be improved in the /r/python community.
3. News & Updates: Keep up-to-date with the latest in Python and share any news you find interesting.

## Guidelines:

All topics should be related to Python or the /r/python community.
Be respectful and follow Reddit's Code of Conduct.

## Example Topics:

1. New Python Release: What do you think about the new features in Python 3.11?
2. Community Events: Any Python meetups or webinars coming up?
3. Learning Resources: Found a great Python tutorial? Share it here!
4. Job Market: How has Python impacted your career?
5. Hot Takes: Got a controversial Python opinion? Let's hear it!
6. Community Ideas: Something you'd like to see us do? tell us.

Let's keep the conversation going. Happy discussing! 🌟

/r/Python
https://redd.it/1hxr7g3
Automating video reframing in python

So I'm on a quest to automate video editing for my youtube channel as much as possible. Currently I'm trying to build a program that would basically auto reframe a horizontal video to a vertical one (from 16:9 to 9:16) while also keeping the speakers head in the frame. I tried resolving this with openCv library with the help of claude and chatgpt but it leads to a dead end. I'm simply stuck and don't know any alternatives because there's not much info on this problem.

Do you guys know a library i could use for this that I maybe haven't heard of? Maybe I'm overcomplicating and there's a software that does this for free, I find filmora's automatic reframing perfect but not sure if they'll block it off once my trial runs out.

/r/Python
https://redd.it/1hxnpki
I added a prediction results page to my Python football (Premier League soccer) prediction page.

A while ago I made a football predictor in Python to predict Premier League football results.

Original thread

The page would show predictions for the next 30 days of football matches and stay updated throughout the season. It uses a Gaussian Naive Bayes model to predict results based on past data. It uses the data from the 2021-2024 seasons.

Tonight I've added a page that shows how well the predictor has been performing over the season. It pulls the season's results from the BBC and compares its predictions to the results. You can see on the site the correct predictions in green and incorrect predictions in red.

Prediction results page: https://www.jimmyrustles.com/football/results

Original prediction page: https://www.jimmyrustles.com/football

Github repo: https://github.com/sgriffin53/footballpredictorflask

What My Project Does

The original project shows football predictions for the current season. This page shows how well the predictor is performing for the current season. It allows me to see which results were correct at a glance as it's colour coded.

Target Audience (e.g., Is it meant for production, just a toy project, etc.

This is mostly for me and my friend Jay, as we've been using it to bet on games (though its accuracy isn't great). The football prediction page gets about 10-15 human visitors a day, so

/r/Python
https://redd.it/1hxtc13
Senior Developer Live Coding

Hey everyone,

I’m a senior software engineer with 10 years of experience, and I’m currently building a fitness app to help users achieve their goals through personalized workout plans and cutting-edge tech.

Here’s what the project involves:

* **AI-Powered Customization**: The app will use AI (via ChatGPT) to help users design workout plans tailored to their goals and preferences, whether they're beginners or seasoned lifters.
* **Full-Stack Development**: The project features a Django backend and a modern frontend, all built within a monorepo structure for streamlined development.
* **Open Collaboration**: I’m hosting weekly live coding sessions where I’ll be sharing the process, tackling challenges, and taking feedback from the community.

To bring you along for the journey, I’ll be hosting **weekly live coding sessions** on Twitch and YouTube. These sessions will cover everything from backend architecture and frontend design to integrating AI and deployment workflows. If you're interested in software development, fitness tech, or both, this is a chance to see a real-world app being built from the ground up.

**Next stream details:**

* **When**: Friday January 10th around 12pm Eastern
* **Where**: Twitch ([https://www.twitch.tv/soccer\_head\_](https://www.twitch.tv/soccer_head_)) and YouTube (\[[https://www.youtube.com/@soccerhead9525](https://www.youtube.com/@soccerhead9525)\])

I’d love for you to join the stream, share your ideas, and maybe even help me debug a thing or two. Follow

/r/django
https://redd.it/1hxrz2k
obliquetree: Advanced Decision Tree Implementation

# obliquetree

`obliquetree` is an advanced decision tree library designed to offer high-performance and interpretable models. It supports both classification and regression tasks, enabling a wide range of applications. By leveraging both traditional and oblique splits, `obliquetree` provides flexibility and improved generalization, particularly in shallow trees, making it a powerful alternative to conventional decision trees.

You can access the project from here: [ObliqueTree GitHub Repository](https://github.com/sametcopur/obliquetree)

What `obliquetree` Does:

* **Oblique Splits for Better Patterns**: Utilizes linear combinations of features for splitting, capturing complex patterns effectively.
* **Traditional Splits for Simplicity**: Supports axis-aligned splits, maintaining simplicity and interpretability.
* **Performance Optimization**: Ensures high speed and efficiency while supporting categorical features and missing value handling.
* **Scalability and Interpretability**: Excels at providing interpretable models with fewer splits.

# Key Features

* **Oblique Splits**: Use linear combinations of features to capture complex data patterns.
* **Axis-Aligned Splits**: Supports conventional decision tree behavior for simplicity.
* **Categorical Feature Handling**: Works seamlessly with categorical data, requiring only label encoding.
* **Optimized Performance**: Up to 50% faster for float columns and 200% faster for integer columns compared to `scikit-learn`.
* **Feature Constraints**: Limit the number of features used in oblique splits for simpler, interpretable trees.
* **Missing Value Handling**: Automatically assigns missing values (`NaN`) to optimal leaves.
* **Seamless Integration**: Guarantees

/r/Python
https://redd.it/1hxaa85
Handling embedded iframe player (PlayerJS - bunny.net) in Django template

I am trying to create a custom video player using PlayerJS within my Django app (Plain htmx template), have tested the general setup on a static website with no problem, but the player events/methods are not working properly in Django. Feel like I am missing something obvious.

The "ready" event fires on load

player.on("ready", () => {
console.log("Player ready");
})

But all other methods/events don't fire/ have no effect. The video shows normally and I can start/stop it using the player controls provided by bunny.net. However the "play" event is not firing. I am slo getting no error messages.

player.on("play", () => {
console.log("Video is playing");
})


Console

My template

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load customtags %}
{% block content %}

<h1>Videos index</h1>

<iframe
id="bunny-stream-embed"
src="
https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/embed/{% settingsvalue "BUNNYCDNLIBRARYID" %}/{{ object.bunnyvideoid }}"


/r/djangolearning
https://redd.it/1hxuzb1
My django based, open source PDF manager and viewer now supports editing and markdown notes

Hi r/django,

I am the developer of PdfDing. You can find the repo [here](https://github.com/mrmn2/PdfDing). Last time I posted about PdfDing, there were a couple of features that were requested quite often. As they are now implemented I just wanted to do a quick follow up post. PdfDing now has the following features:

* it is now possible to edit PDFs by adding annotations, highlighting and drawings
* you can organize your PDFs with multi-level tags as simple tags did not work for many people
* you can add markdown notes to store additional information about your PDFs
* there is now a live demo instance. You can try PdfDing [here](https://demo.pdfding.com) without pulling the docker image.
* very soon you will be able to star and archive PDFs

If you like PdfDing I would be really happy over a star on [GitHub](https://github.com/mrmn2/PdfDing). If anyone wants to contribute you are welcome to do so!

/r/django
https://redd.it/1hy0931
how much time to learn Django ?

i have a project on django (ERP app) in which i need to understand app already developed , add new features , mantain app.. i need to estimate workload of this. Knowing that i have an intermediate level of python, what is the range of time that this project would take ?

/r/django
https://redd.it/1hy4z8q
Django Developer Job at Spotter

Hi everyone! I recently applied for a Django Developer position at Spotte (Spotter Labs). After passing an initial screening, I was told to complete a coding assessment with the promise of a $100 USD reward upon successful completion.

Has anyone else done this task and actually moved forward in the process? Did you get paid and proceed to the next stage, or do you think this might be a scam? I know some might say "why not try," but I’m really stressed with my current work and don’t have the time to invest in this. If I end up spending time on it and nothing comes of it, that would be pretty disappointing.

/r/django
https://redd.it/1hy36cz
Django APIs combined with iOS learning resources.

I've been learning Django and started building an iOS app as a first project. I followed a few iOS tutorials and used ChatGPT to get help whenever i get stuck. I struggle to fully grasp the communication and sending data between iOS and Django. I was just wondering if anyone know any good courses or resources for learning more about the Django REST API and building iOS apps that interact with Django and a database.

/r/django
https://redd.it/1hy1rpy