collections.Counter — counting elements in a single line. 📊

Counting elements without loops with Counter 🔄

Do you need to count how many times each word appears in a text or how many duplicates there are in a list? Don't reinvent the wheel with for loops and dictionaries. The built-in collections module will do everything for you. 🚀

🛠 Code:

from collections import Counter

words = ["apple", "banana", "apple", "cherry", "banana", "apple"]
word_counts = Counter(words)

print(word_counts)
# Output: Counter({'apple': 3, 'banana': 2, 'cherry': 1})

# Bonus: the top 2 most frequent elements
print(word_counts.most_common(2))
# Output: [('apple', 3), ('banana', 2)]

Ideal for basic data analysis and solving tasks on LeetCode. 💻

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Search for a substring in Python 🐍

In this example, two simple ways of finding a substring in a string are shown, which allow to solve the task without unnecessary code 💻

# Example implementation
def find_substring(text, sub):
    return text.find(sub)

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What's the difference between is and == in Python?

The == operator checks whether the values of two objects are equal. In contrast, is determines whether variables refer to same object in memory. That is, == compares the content, while is checks the identity of the objects 🐍🔍

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💡 Replacing if-else with Match-Case

Starting with Python 3.10, we have a powerful tool: Structural Pattern Matching (match-case). This is not just an analog of switch-case from other languages; it's much more flexible. 🚀

Imagine you're writing a command handler for a bot. 🤖

❌ How NOT to do it:

def handle_command(command):
    if command == "start":
        return "Hello! I'm a bot."
    elif command == "help":
        return "Here's a list of available commands..."
    elif command == "stop":
        return "Goodbye!"
    else:
        return "Unknown command."

⚡ How to do it properly:

def handle_command(command):
    match command:
        case "start":
            return "Hello! I'm a bot."
        case "help":
            return "Here's a list of available commands..."
        case "stop":
            return "Goodbye!"
        case _:  # The underscore symbol catches everything else (default)
            return "Unknown command."

The code looks like a clear table, and your eye doesn't get caught up in a bunch of elif statements. 🧐
You can pass data structures in the case statements and check their structure and content on the fly. 🔍
It's easy to combine cases. 🧩

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