✍️ Pyneng — a large base for Python and network automation!

Detailed documentation and educational materials. The site contains lessons on Python syntax, working with files, functions, OOP, as well as separate sections on network technologies. The materials are presented with a large number of examples and practical tasks.

📌 I'll leave a link: https://pyneng.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

#Python #NetworkAutomation #Pyneng #LearnPython #DevOps #TechEducation

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Advice for Python, UV, and Docker 🐍🐳

Sometimes dependencies are better installed separately from the code — this noticeably speeds up the compilation of Docker images 🚀

The idea is simple: first, we install dependencies, then we add the project 🛠

Why is this necessary:
• Docker caches layers and does not rebuild them unnecessarily ⚡️
• if only the code changes — the dependencies are taken from the cache 💾
• if the dependencies change — only the corresponding layer is rebuilt 🔁
• without this, any minor change triggers a full reinstallation 🔄

Example:

RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv  --mount=type=bind,source=uv.lock,target=uv.lock  --mount=type=bind,source=pyproject.toml,target=pyproject.toml  uv sync --locked --no-install-project

COPY . /app
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv  uv sync --locked

#Python #Docker #DevOps #UV #SoftwareEngineering #TechTips

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Limiting program resources using the resource module 🛡️

import resource
import sys

# 1. Limiting the size of RAM (soft and hard limits in bytes)
# Limit the memory to ~50 MB
memory_limit = 50 * 1024 * 1024 
resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_AS, (memory_limit, memory_limit))

# 2. Checking the protection's working
try:
    print("Trying to allocate a huge array of memory...")
    huge_list = [i for i in range(10_000_000)]
except MemoryError:
    print("The limit worked! The program didn't crash, but caught the error.")

# 3. Finding out how many resources the script has already consumed
usage = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF)
print(f"Peak memory consumption (in KB): {usage.ru_maxrss}")

Protecting the server from "greedy" code 🔧

When you run someone else's code, process user files, or write parsers, there's always a risk of a memory leak or an infinite loop. If such a script runs on the server, it can fill up all the RAM and bring down neighboring important processes (for example, the database). The built-in resource module (works on Unix/Linux/macOS) allows you to strictly limit the program's appetites.

— Safe environment: You can limit not only RAM (RLIMIT_AS), but also CPU time (RLIMIT_CPU). If the code goes into an infinite loop, the system will gracefully terminate it after a specified number of seconds.

— File system control: Using RLIMIT_FSIZE, you can prevent the script from creating files larger than a certain size. This will save the server's disks from being accidentally overwritten by gigantic logs.

— Precise audit: The getrusage function provides detailed statistics on the current process: how much time the CPU spent on calculations, how many I/O operations there were, and what the maximum amount of memory used was during the entire operation.

#Python #ResourceManagement #ServerSafety #Coding #DevOps #Linux

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Smart counting of elements using collections.Counter 📊

from collections import Counter

# Initial list with duplicate elements
logs = ["error", "info", "error", "warning", "error", "info"]

# 1. Instantly count the number of occurrences
count_dict = Counter(logs)
print(count_dict)  # Counter({'error': 3, 'info': 2, 'warning': 1})

# 2. Get the most frequent elements (Top-2)
print(count_dict.most_common(2))  # [('error', 3), ('info', 2)]

# 3. Set math for counters
clicks_day1 = Counter(item=4, banner=2)
clicks_day2 = Counter(item=1, banner=5)
# Combine the results of two days in a single operation
print(clicks_day1 + clicks_day2)  # Counter({'banner': 7, 'item': 5})

Forget about manual loops and dictionaries 🚫🔄

When you need to count the frequency of words in a text, the distribution of log types, or popular products in a store, developers usually create an empty dictionary and write a loop with a check if key not in dict: dict[key] = 1. The Counter class takes all this dirty work on itself and makes it as efficient as possible.

— Automatic initialization: You no longer need to check if a key exists in the dictionary. If the element is not there, Counter will not throw a KeyError, but simply return 0. 🛡️

— Finding leaders without sorting: The most_common(k) method returns a list of the k most frequently occurring elements. Under the hood, Python uses optimized heap algorithms, which work much faster than a full dictionary sort via sorted(). 🏆

— Mathematical operations: You can add, subtract, intersect, and merge Counter objects. This turns them into a powerful tool for aggregating metrics and analytics from different data sources in a few lines of code. ➕➖

#Python #DataScience #Coding #Programming #Automation #DevOps

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