In this new effort, the researchers examined two such черепные окаменелые, искомаемые specimens that have been housed at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, in Brussels, Belgium. One of the ancient fish fossils was found in Belgium (in a rock formation near Chièvres) the other in Pakistan's Punjab province—both were dated to approximately 41 to 54 million years ago.
Each of образцов, экземпляров had a single saber tooth at the front of its mouth and both had fangs, though they were much larger on one of the specimens.
The researchers noted that both specimens bore a strong resemblance to modern anchovies, though they were much larger. Modern anchovies are smaller, on average just 15 centimeters, and they have small teeth that they use to eat plankton. Both fish clearly evolved to become predators, likely as a result of a ниша opening up in their environment due to the sudden disappearance of larger predatory fish.
There is no evidence of either fish type surviving to modern times. The researchers suggest the saber tooth was likely used to прокалывать, протыкать жертву, a more efficient way of feeding than catching them.
The work by the team involved placing the cranial fossils in a micro-computed tomography machine and interpreting the results, with most of their focus on the skull bones and teeth. Doing so revealed the structure of the head and also allowed the researchers to estimate the size of the fish—one would have been approximately 1 meter long, the other approximately half that length.
@quiz_articles
Each of образцов, экземпляров had a single saber tooth at the front of its mouth and both had fangs, though they were much larger on one of the specimens.
The researchers noted that both specimens bore a strong resemblance to modern anchovies, though they were much larger. Modern anchovies are smaller, on average just 15 centimeters, and they have small teeth that they use to eat plankton. Both fish clearly evolved to become predators, likely as a result of a ниша opening up in their environment due to the sudden disappearance of larger predatory fish.
There is no evidence of either fish type surviving to modern times. The researchers suggest the saber tooth was likely used to прокалывать, протыкать жертву, a more efficient way of feeding than catching them.
The work by the team involved placing the cranial fossils in a micro-computed tomography machine and interpreting the results, with most of their focus on the skull bones and teeth. Doing so revealed the structure of the head and also allowed the researchers to estimate the size of the fish—one would have been approximately 1 meter long, the other approximately half that length.
@quiz_articles
📰
38.Cranial - черепной
39.Fossil - окаменелый, ископаемый
40.Specimen - образец, экземпляр
41.Niche - [nɪ:ʃ] - ниша
42.To impale - прокалывать, протыкать
43.Prey - жертва
@quiz_articles
38.Cranial - черепной
39.Fossil - окаменелый, ископаемый
40.Specimen - образец, экземпляр
41.Niche - [nɪ:ʃ] - ниша
42.To impale - прокалывать, протыкать
43.Prey - жертва
@quiz_articles
IELTS articles pinned «📌Discussing IELTS articles - группа для обсуждения всех возникающих вопросов по поводу статей и слов. Переход в группу по нажатию кнопки "Обсудить ". Ждём Ваших вопросов и интересных обсуждений!»
The House Mouse First Invaded Europe 6,500 Years Ago
The earliest evidence of mice making themselves at home alongside human settlements comes from 14,500-year-old bones found among the Natufians. (Photo by David Tipling / Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
New research suggests the грызуны arrived on the continent some 2,500 years earlier than previously thought
The game of cat and mouse as we know it is a drama that разворачивается inside of our kitchens, pantries and living rooms. Now, new research suggests the house mouse and its domesticated кошачий pursuer may have arrived in Europe thousands of years earlier than previously thought.
Archaeologists просеивая through the пепельные remnants of a burned-down, 6,500-year-old Neolithic village in Serbia have found the earliest known evidence of the извечного rodent вредителя, reports Mark Bridge for the Times.
In a statement, David Orton, a zooarchaeologist at the University of York and co-author of the new paper, notes that общепринятая точка зрения suggests mice didn’t invade human habitats north of the Mediterranean during the Neolithic period.
“People have said that mice didn’t spread north of the Mediterranean in the Neolithic because the European settlements just weren’t big or плотные, густонаселённые enough to support them,” he adds, “but having worked on these big Serbian sites I knew that wasn’t universally true.”
Orton and his colleagues discovered new evidence of the house mouse’s European invasion as they attempted to trace the furry opportunist’s human-facilitated expansion back to its prehistoric origins, according to the statement.
To do this, the team examined 829 mouse specimens from 43 archaeological sites dated to between 40,000 and 3,000 years ago, reports Ruth Schuster for Haaretz.
The earliest evidence of mice making themselves at home alongside human settlements came from 14,500-year-old bones found among the Natufians, a group of prehistoric hunter-gatherers that lived in Israel’s Jordan Valley, the researchers reported earlier this month in the journal Scientific Reports.
@quiz_articles
The earliest evidence of mice making themselves at home alongside human settlements comes from 14,500-year-old bones found among the Natufians. (Photo by David Tipling / Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
New research suggests the грызуны arrived on the continent some 2,500 years earlier than previously thought
The game of cat and mouse as we know it is a drama that разворачивается inside of our kitchens, pantries and living rooms. Now, new research suggests the house mouse and its domesticated кошачий pursuer may have arrived in Europe thousands of years earlier than previously thought.
Archaeologists просеивая through the пепельные remnants of a burned-down, 6,500-year-old Neolithic village in Serbia have found the earliest known evidence of the извечного rodent вредителя, reports Mark Bridge for the Times.
In a statement, David Orton, a zooarchaeologist at the University of York and co-author of the new paper, notes that общепринятая точка зрения suggests mice didn’t invade human habitats north of the Mediterranean during the Neolithic period.
“People have said that mice didn’t spread north of the Mediterranean in the Neolithic because the European settlements just weren’t big or плотные, густонаселённые enough to support them,” he adds, “but having worked on these big Serbian sites I knew that wasn’t universally true.”
Orton and his colleagues discovered new evidence of the house mouse’s European invasion as they attempted to trace the furry opportunist’s human-facilitated expansion back to its prehistoric origins, according to the statement.
To do this, the team examined 829 mouse specimens from 43 archaeological sites dated to between 40,000 and 3,000 years ago, reports Ruth Schuster for Haaretz.
The earliest evidence of mice making themselves at home alongside human settlements came from 14,500-year-old bones found among the Natufians, a group of prehistoric hunter-gatherers that lived in Israel’s Jordan Valley, the researchers reported earlier this month in the journal Scientific Reports.
@quiz_articles
📰
44.Rodent - грызун
45.To unfold - разворачиваться, раскрывать
46.Feline - [ˈfiːlaɪn] - кошачий
47.To sift - просеивать
48.Ashen - пепельный
49.Perennial - извечный,
вечный, неувядаемый
50.Pest - вредитель, паразит
51.Conventional wisdom - общепринятая точка зрения, расхожее мнение
52.Dense - плотный
@quiz_articles
44.Rodent - грызун
45.To unfold - разворачиваться, раскрывать
46.Feline - [ˈfiːlaɪn] - кошачий
47.To sift - просеивать
48.Ashen - пепельный
49.Perennial - извечный,
вечный, неувядаемый
50.Pest - вредитель, паразит
51.Conventional wisdom - общепринятая точка зрения, расхожее мнение
52.Dense - плотный
@quiz_articles
IELTS articles pinned «Как работает методика запоминания сложных слов? 1. Вы читаете статью на английском. 2. Вы повторно читаете статью на английском. В этом варианте все сложные слова (уровня B2 - C1) переведены на русский. 3. Вы видите полный список сложных слов этой статьи…»
In 2017, examinations of ancient mouse teeth revealed the начало, заря of humans’ раздражающих relationship with Mus musculus domesticus.
As the Natufians became more оседлые, researchers started to see more house mouse molars in their стоянках, лагерях , reported Jason Bittel for National Geographic in 2017.
Contrary to prior thinking, the findings indicate that house mice started hanging around humans some 3,000 years до the пришествия of agriculture.
Humans’ increasingly sedentary state, then, set the животных up for success, according to the Times. The authors of the new research argue that the prehistoric вредители were attracted to small stores of wild grains kept by the Natufians, as well as the added protection offered by human shelters.
@quiz_articles
As the Natufians became more оседлые, researchers started to see more house mouse molars in their стоянках, лагерях , reported Jason Bittel for National Geographic in 2017.
Contrary to prior thinking, the findings indicate that house mice started hanging around humans some 3,000 years до the пришествия of agriculture.
Humans’ increasingly sedentary state, then, set the животных up for success, according to the Times. The authors of the new research argue that the prehistoric вредители were attracted to small stores of wild grains kept by the Natufians, as well as the added protection offered by human shelters.
@quiz_articles
📰
53.Dawn - заря, начало, истоки
54.Testy - раздражительный, вспыльчивый
55.Sedentary - оседлый, постоянно пребывающий на одном месте
56.Encampment - лагерь, стоянка (кочевников)
57.Prior to - до
58.Advent - пришествие, прибытие
59.Critter - тварь, животное, живность
60.Varmint - вредитель
@quiz_articles
53.Dawn - заря, начало, истоки
54.Testy - раздражительный, вспыльчивый
55.Sedentary - оседлый, постоянно пребывающий на одном месте
56.Encampment - лагерь, стоянка (кочевников)
57.Prior to - до
58.Advent - пришествие, прибытие
59.Critter - тварь, животное, живность
60.Varmint - вредитель
@quiz_articles
Как по-английски будет слово: корпус (корабля)?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
hallmark
24%
trove
31%
hull
29%
chunk
Orton and his co-authors further выдвигают гипотезу that cats likely showed up shortly thereafter, подготавливая почву for their emergence as humans’ allies and—eventually—чопорных, отстранённых pets.
The researchers admit that this claim requires further investigation but cite evidence of early cat domestication on the island of Cyprus as support for their argument. (Per the paper, the clinching discovery was a woman buried alongside a cat some 9,500 years ago.)
The team строит теории that cats were probably brought to the island to control its mouse population, which arrived as безбилетные пассажиры on ships approximately 10,800 years ago.
The history of cats living alongside humans likely goes back even further, but as Casey Smith reported for National Geographic in 2017, that doesn’t mean they were приятные. DNA analysis suggests cats lived near humans for thousands of years before being domesticated.
The first encounters between humans and cats probably found the felines hanging around in hopes of catching rodents, Claudio Ottoni, a paleogeneticist at Sapienza University of Rome, told National Geographic at the time.
“It’s not that humans took some cats and put them inside cages,” he said.
“Instead,” wrote Smith, “people more or less allowed cats to domesticate themselves.”
Today, cats have moved beyond their utilitarian roles as mouse-catchers; a recent survey of United States peьt owners identified roughly 58 million felines ходят дез дела, бесцельно бродят around American homes.
@quiz_articles
The researchers admit that this claim requires further investigation but cite evidence of early cat domestication on the island of Cyprus as support for their argument. (Per the paper, the clinching discovery was a woman buried alongside a cat some 9,500 years ago.)
The team строит теории that cats were probably brought to the island to control its mouse population, which arrived as безбилетные пассажиры on ships approximately 10,800 years ago.
The history of cats living alongside humans likely goes back even further, but as Casey Smith reported for National Geographic in 2017, that doesn’t mean they were приятные. DNA analysis suggests cats lived near humans for thousands of years before being domesticated.
The first encounters between humans and cats probably found the felines hanging around in hopes of catching rodents, Claudio Ottoni, a paleogeneticist at Sapienza University of Rome, told National Geographic at the time.
“It’s not that humans took some cats and put them inside cages,” he said.
“Instead,” wrote Smith, “people more or less allowed cats to domesticate themselves.”
Today, cats have moved beyond their utilitarian roles as mouse-catchers; a recent survey of United States peьt owners identified roughly 58 million felines ходят дез дела, бесцельно бродят around American homes.
@quiz_articles
📰
61.To hypothesize - выдвигать гипотезу
62.To set the stage - подготовить почву, заложить основу
63.Standoffish - чопорный, сдержанный, отстранённый
64.To theorize - строить теории
65.Stowaway - безбилетный пассажир
66.Cuddly - приятный
67.To traipse - ходить без дела, бесцельно бродить
@quiz_articles
61.To hypothesize - выдвигать гипотезу
62.To set the stage - подготовить почву, заложить основу
63.Standoffish - чопорный, сдержанный, отстранённый
64.To theorize - строить теории
65.Stowaway - безбилетный пассажир
66.Cuddly - приятный
67.To traipse - ходить без дела, бесцельно бродить
@quiz_articles
📌Дорогие подписчики! Для повторения и отработки слов, встречающихся в статьях на нашем канале, мы запустили канал тестов Quiz IELTS articles t.me/quiz_articles
Присоединяйся и проверяй свои знания!
Присоединяйся и проверяй свои знания!
Telegram
Quiz IELTS articles
Канал для повторения и запоминания слов из статей IELTS articles
t.me/ielts_articles
t.me/ielts_articles
IELTS articles pinned «📌Дорогие подписчики! Для повторения и отработки слов, встречающихся в статьях на нашем канале, мы запустили канал тестов Quiz IELTS articles t.me/quiz_articles Присоединяйся и проверяй свои знания!»
Study explores how Native Americans used sea выдры
Sea otters резвятся in Alaska.
University of Oregon scientists анализируют, тщательно исследуют archaeological evidence for how коренные, туземные peoples used sea otters, and their findings could help Alaskans противостоять growing numbers of the mammals and Oregonians who want to заново заселить them on the coast.
Before fur traders истребили sea otter populations from Alaska to Oregon, ancestors of at least one Alaskan indigenous population, the Tlingit, hunted the mammals for their шкурок but probably not for food, according to a study by anthropologist Madonna Moss.
Her research, published in April in American Antiquity, took on questions about traditional use by native populations amid calls to expand harvesting. Since their reintroduction in the 1960s, the population of sea otters постепенно повысилась.
@quiz_articles
Sea otters резвятся in Alaska.
University of Oregon scientists анализируют, тщательно исследуют archaeological evidence for how коренные, туземные peoples used sea otters, and their findings could help Alaskans противостоять growing numbers of the mammals and Oregonians who want to заново заселить them on the coast.
Before fur traders истребили sea otter populations from Alaska to Oregon, ancestors of at least one Alaskan indigenous population, the Tlingit, hunted the mammals for their шкурок but probably not for food, according to a study by anthropologist Madonna Moss.
Her research, published in April in American Antiquity, took on questions about traditional use by native populations amid calls to expand harvesting. Since their reintroduction in the 1960s, the population of sea otters постепенно повысилась.
@quiz_articles
📰
68.Otter - выдра
69.To frolic - резвиться, шалить
70.To probe - исследовать, тщательно анализировать
71.Indigenous - [ɪnˈdɪʤ(ə)nəs] - коренной, туземный
72.To confront - противостоять
73.To reintroduce - вновь ввести, заново ввести, заселить
74.To decimate - истреблять, уничтожать
75.Pelt - шкура; шкурка (в меховом производстве)
76.To spiral - [ˈspaɪərəl] - постепенно повышаться
@quiz_articles
68.Otter - выдра
69.To frolic - резвиться, шалить
70.To probe - исследовать, тщательно анализировать
71.Indigenous - [ɪnˈdɪʤ(ə)nəs] - коренной, туземный
72.To confront - противостоять
73.To reintroduce - вновь ввести, заново ввести, заселить
74.To decimate - истреблять, уничтожать
75.Pelt - шкура; шкурка (в меховом производстве)
76.To spiral - [ˈspaɪərəl] - постепенно повышаться
@quiz_articles
Only Alaska Natives living along the coast are permitted under federal law to hunt sea otters for пропитание and with little waste. They use the pelts for clothing, подстилки, hats and other одежды, традиционного облачения.
Some environmentalists have challenged the right of Alaska Natives to hunt sea otters without eating their meat. Conservationists want to show that native populations regularly did so as part of their case for allowing larger-scale harvesting for consumption.
The idea comes amid rising tensions. Sea otters have altered ecosystems, making it more difficult for commercial fisherman to catch abalone, clams, Dungeness crabs, red морских ежей and other беспозвоночных the otters consume. From 1996 to 2005, the industry was reported to have experienced an economic loss of $11.2 million.
The research by Moss, however, speaks only for Tlingit ancestors.
Numerous indigenous populations from Alaska to California hunted sea otters for thousands of years, Moss said.
As sea otters recolonize their historic range through population growth or additional reintroduction, such as along the Oregon coast where the mammals are rarely seen, she said, finding out whether other native populations ate sea otter meat is worthy of attention.
"Hunting sea otters and using sea otter skins has been a Tlingit and Haida cultural tradition for thousands of years," said Moss, a professor in the Department of Anthropology and curator of zooarchaeology at the Museum of Natural and Cultural History.
"If sea otters are reintroduced elsewhere on the Pacific Coast, or their numbers steadily increase on their own, First Nations, Native Americans and Alaska Natives should be involved in planning and decision-making and given priority in terms of resource rights."
Moss examined 461 sea otter and 195 seal specimens found among 940 bones previously collected at two of 16 southeast Alaska sites. Moss examined them for явных признаков of human modifications that result from using sea otters for different purposes. Indigenous peoples have been using sea otters for at least 10,000 years.
@quiz_articles
Some environmentalists have challenged the right of Alaska Natives to hunt sea otters without eating their meat. Conservationists want to show that native populations regularly did so as part of their case for allowing larger-scale harvesting for consumption.
The idea comes amid rising tensions. Sea otters have altered ecosystems, making it more difficult for commercial fisherman to catch abalone, clams, Dungeness crabs, red морских ежей and other беспозвоночных the otters consume. From 1996 to 2005, the industry was reported to have experienced an economic loss of $11.2 million.
The research by Moss, however, speaks only for Tlingit ancestors.
Numerous indigenous populations from Alaska to California hunted sea otters for thousands of years, Moss said.
As sea otters recolonize their historic range through population growth or additional reintroduction, such as along the Oregon coast where the mammals are rarely seen, she said, finding out whether other native populations ate sea otter meat is worthy of attention.
"Hunting sea otters and using sea otter skins has been a Tlingit and Haida cultural tradition for thousands of years," said Moss, a professor in the Department of Anthropology and curator of zooarchaeology at the Museum of Natural and Cultural History.
"If sea otters are reintroduced elsewhere on the Pacific Coast, or their numbers steadily increase on their own, First Nations, Native Americans and Alaska Natives should be involved in planning and decision-making and given priority in terms of resource rights."
Moss examined 461 sea otter and 195 seal specimens found among 940 bones previously collected at two of 16 southeast Alaska sites. Moss examined them for явных признаков of human modifications that result from using sea otters for different purposes. Indigenous peoples have been using sea otters for at least 10,000 years.
@quiz_articles