TheBeakerLady
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Channel about early Indo-European cultures, genetics, and archaeology with a focus on the steppe hypothesis.
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Photo of artifacts of the Khvalynsk culture (cultural relative of Sredny Stog)

Source of photo taken from the following paper:
The Eneolithic cemetery at Khvalynsk on the Volga River - David W Anthony, AA Khokhlov, S A Agapov, D S Agapov, R Schulting, I Olalde, and D Reich https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11699484/
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Forwarded from Stonelide
DNA ancestry of Middle Bronze Age individuals (ca. 2000–1800 BCE) from the Elati-Logkas site in northern Greece, associated with the Middle Helladic I culture (often linked to Proto-Greek speakers).

β€’ ~62% EEF
β€’ ~38% Steppe
P = 0.994
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Burial of an Afanasievo adult and child. Burials of children with adults is seen in many other steppe cultures such as Yamnaya and Corded Ware derived groups.

Photo by Alexey Kovalev.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Afanasievo_burial_in_kurgan_Khuurai.jpg#mw-jump-to-license
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Forwarded from Maptism Channel
Not often talked about, but Corded Ware, specifically Balanovo, descended groups invaded the Steppe and replaced the Yamnaya-Continuin Catacombnaya Culture in 2200bc. The Abashevo Culture (1st image) extended across the forest steppe massively and also the Urals, where it later gave rise to Sintashta. In 2200bc, Abashevo groups moved southward to exploit the Climactic Changes that were ravaging the Catacomb Groups. This Abashevo Descended culture is known as Babino AKA Multiroller ceramics. Babino was primarily R-Z93 and genetically a 40~-60~% mix of Catacomb and Abashevo. The second image shows the Babino Culture in its earliest stage.

Babino at its zenith (3rd image) encompassed the Entire Steppe, although it misses areas previously inhabited by Catacomb in the Ciscaucasus. This area was lost to the Lola and Nevinnomysk Cultures, which were genetically distinct from Indo-European groups and most resemble Steppe-Maykop populations.
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Forwarded from Maptism Channel
After 1600bc, the Babino Culture would be pushed out of most of the Steppe by another Culture, which had the same ancestor of Abashevo, the Srubnaya Culture. Babino groups were forced to reorganize into a new culture, the Noua-Sabatinovka-Coslogeni(-radovanu) Complex. The Srubnaya Invasion forced them westward into Transylvania and Mutenia as well as the slopes of the carpathians, destroying the previous Monteoru Culture, which was in deep continuity with the Cernavoda II Culture since 3200bc, and was possibly related to Anatolians such as Luwians and Hittites.

The NSC Complex was later replaced by the Belegis II Channeled ware Complex in 1300bc, contributing almost no ancestry to later groups, thus constituting complete annihilation from the lands west of the Dniester. The Channeled ware complex was possibly Para-Dacothracian, or Dacothracian directly. In 1000bc Dacothracians Proper of the Stamped Ware horizon would move in from the south to replace Channeled ware
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Forwarded from Maptism Channel
Yamnaya WIP.
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Forwarded from Genos Historia (Samuel Andrews)
Steppe Pastoralists mostly belonged to the same basic mtDNA haplogroups as Neolithic European farmers.
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Some information about Sredny Stog burials from "Characteristics and chronology of Sredny Stog Culture" by Dmytro Telegin.

Translated quotes: "The deceased were placed on their backs with the legs bent at the knees and raised upward. The hands usually lay on the lower part of the abdomen (fig. 8). Most burials were oriented toward the east, though not infrequently toward the south or north."

β€œBurials were predominantly individual; there were three paired burials and one collective grave consisting of five individuals. Almost all burials show traces of sprinkling with red ochre. Near five skeletons, large knives or daggers were found.”

Image below is of a paired burial from the Alexandria site of the Sredny Stog culture.
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Forwarded from Sapphire
Genetic breakdown of Iron Age Italics.

P-value : 0.453
44.68% Italy_Central_N.SG
28.98% Western Steppe Herders
26.34% Globular Amphora Culture

https://xn--r1a.website/sapphiregnm
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