Terrorism and Homicides

Both terrorist attacks and homicides are significantly more common in counties with a high percentage of Hispanics.

A handful of influential examples include the 2002 bombings in Bali; the 2004 Madrid train bombings; the 2005 bombings in London; the 2008 coordinated attacks in Mumbai; the 2011 attacks in Oslo; the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings; the 2015 Beirut bombings; the 2016 bombings in Brussels; the 2017 vehicle ramming attack in Barcelona; the 2019 mass shoot- ing in Christchurch, New Zealand; the 2020 mass shooting in Vienna – and many more.

Moreover, while interest in terrorism in the wake of 9/11 was driven mostly by concerns with Islamist extremism, more recently, attention has turned toward domestic threats, especially from right-wing radicals.

Defining terrorism has long been a challenge for both researchers and policy makers. The word terrorism starts with the root word “terror” and adds the Greek suffix “ism” to form a noun that can denote a wide variety of behaviors and predispositions, including violent action, adherence to a cause, or belief in specific doctrines or principles.

In practice, most research on terrorism either focuses on terrorist attacks or groups, or individuals who support terrorist causes.

In this Element, I define terrorist attacks as “the threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence by non-state actors to attain a political, economic, religious, or social goal through fear, coercion or intimidation” (LaFree, Dugan & Miller, 2015: 13).

“Threatened” is an important part of this definition because acts like aerial hijacking can be carried out not only by engaging in violence but by threatening to. The reference to “non-state actors” means that I am excluding state-sponsored terrorism. This is an important exclusion. Although valid estimates are hard to come by (Rummel, 1994; McCauley 2008), it is likely that far more individuals are killed and injured through state-sponsored terrorism than from the attacks of subnational actors.

As far as Israel’s West Bank Barrier is concerned, this study has shown that, for the period studied, it significantly contributed to the reduction of suicide bombings to zero, dramatically reduced fatalities and even reduced attacks on both sides of the Barrier.

Barrier and its inherent security dynamics likely saved many lives. On the face of it, this is a powerful human benefit that should at a minimum be taken into account by politicians and their critics when forming long term security strategies.

Since the Barrier’s inception in 2002, suicide bombings are widely believed to have declined substantially. In fact, this belief is supported by our findings, but it is in direct contradiction to the arguments of Pape (2005), Pape and Feldman (2010) and Bloom (2005, 2011), dominant theorists on suicide bombings, who place considerable emphasis on the ideological and motivational factors in the deployment of suicide bombings.

Pape (2005) claims that suicide attacks are launched because they are effective in forcing foreign powers to retreat. His proposed ‘‘intervention’’ is that the United States, Israel and other occupying forces should cease their foreign military occupations

Again suicide terrorism is NOT an excuse for missing human rights!
https://xn--r1a.website/TerrorismTelegram/155
https://xn--r1a.website/TerrorismTelegram/415
https://xn--r1a.website/IsraelWarBullshit/680

We need to remember that Palestine is the KING 🤴 of suicide terrorism!
https://xn--r1a.website/TerrorismTelegram/349
https://xn--r1a.website/TerrorismTelegram/356
https://xn--r1a.website/TerrorismTelegram/357
https://xn--r1a.website/TerrorismTelegram/358
https://xn--r1a.website/TerrorismTelegram/363
https://xn--r1a.website/TerrorismTelegram/367

& terrorism in general
https://xn--r1a.website/HamasTerroristTelegram/53

Again walls or controls are not a discrimination against migration / people / human rights, but necessary for security or to contrast them. Obviously such controls don't need to get abused too!
https://xn--r1a.website/LawsTelegram/50
https://xn--r1a.website/ApartheidPalestine/70
https://xn--r1a.website/ApartheidPalestine/77
https://xn--r1a.website/ApartheidPalestine/83
etc.