Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, 110.3a
"Virtue being, as we have seen, of two kinds, intellectual and moral, intellectual virtue is for the most part both produced and increased by instruction, and therefore requires experience and time; whereas moral or ethical virtue is the product of habit, and has indeed derived its name, with a slight variation of form, from that word. And therefore it is clear that none of the moral virtues formed is engendered in us by nature, for no natural property can be altered by habit. For instance, it is the nature of a stone to move downwards, and it cannot be trained to move upwards, even though you should try to train it to do so by throwing it up into the air ten thousand times; nor can fire be trained to move downwards, nor can anything else that naturally behaves in one way be trained into a habit of behaving in another way. The virtues therefore are engendered in us neither by nature nor yet in violation of nature."
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"Virtue being, as we have seen, of two kinds, intellectual and moral, intellectual virtue is for the most part both produced and increased by instruction, and therefore requires experience and time; whereas moral or ethical virtue is the product of habit, and has indeed derived its name, with a slight variation of form, from that word. And therefore it is clear that none of the moral virtues formed is engendered in us by nature, for no natural property can be altered by habit. For instance, it is the nature of a stone to move downwards, and it cannot be trained to move upwards, even though you should try to train it to do so by throwing it up into the air ten thousand times; nor can fire be trained to move downwards, nor can anything else that naturally behaves in one way be trained into a habit of behaving in another way. The virtues therefore are engendered in us neither by nature nor yet in violation of nature."
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Cylix of Apollo, 480 - 470 BC.
Apollo and the crow
"Apollo fell in love with the young daughter of Thessalus Phlegias, king of the Lapiths, and from their mutual love a son was about to be born. Coronis, this was the name of the god's beloved, proved unfaithful when Ischys, a handsome boy, arrived from Arcadia as guest of her father and she didn't restrain her lust by joining in secret loves with him. A crow, who had always been Apollo's messenger, discovered the repeated betrayals of Coronis and flew to the abode of the god, in Delphi, where it informed him of the outrage suffered without his knowledge. The fact aroused the anger of the divinity who, for having brought him such painful news, changed the color of the crow from white to black."
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Apollo and the crow
"Apollo fell in love with the young daughter of Thessalus Phlegias, king of the Lapiths, and from their mutual love a son was about to be born. Coronis, this was the name of the god's beloved, proved unfaithful when Ischys, a handsome boy, arrived from Arcadia as guest of her father and she didn't restrain her lust by joining in secret loves with him. A crow, who had always been Apollo's messenger, discovered the repeated betrayals of Coronis and flew to the abode of the god, in Delphi, where it informed him of the outrage suffered without his knowledge. The fact aroused the anger of the divinity who, for having brought him such painful news, changed the color of the crow from white to black."
@GreekLeague
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Prince Phillip of Greece (1921-2021)
Prince Phillip of Greece, later the Duke of Edinburgh, wearing traditional Greek dress, aged 9.
Prince Phillip of Greece, later the Duke of Edinburgh, wearing traditional Greek dress, aged 9.
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The third siege of Missolonghi (Τρίτη Πολιορκία του Μεσσολογίου, often erroneously referred to as the second siege) was fought in the Greek War of Independence, between the Ottoman Empire and the Greek rebels, from 15 April 1825 to 10 April 1826. The Ottomans had already tried and failed to capture the city in 1822 and 1823, but returned in 1825 with a stronger force of infantry and a stronger navy supporting the infantry. The Greeks held out for almost a year before they ran out of food and attempted a mass breakout, which however resulted in a disaster, with the larger part of the Greeks slain.
Though a military disaster, the siege and its aftermath proved a victory for the Greek cause, and the Ottomans paid dearly for their harsh treatment of Missolonghi. After this incident, many people from Western Europe felt increased sympathy for the Greek cause.
Though a military disaster, the siege and its aftermath proved a victory for the Greek cause, and the Ottomans paid dearly for their harsh treatment of Missolonghi. After this incident, many people from Western Europe felt increased sympathy for the Greek cause.
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