Quantum Refrigerator and the III-law of Thermodynamics

Amikam Levy, Robert Alicki, Ronnie Kosloff

https://arxiv.org/abs/1205.1347

#سلسله_سمینارهای_هفتگی گروه سیستم های پیچیده شهید بهشتی
علاقه مندان می توانند برای ارائه موضوعات خود به ادمین پیام داده یا به صورت حضوری در جلسه مطرح نمایند.
@onmjnl

🔵 Introduction to focus issue: Patterns of network synchronization

http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/chaos/26/9/10.1063/1.4962970

🔵 Activity flow over resting-state networks shapes cognitive task activations

http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.4406.html

🔵 The maths of rumour spreading

https://plus.maths.org/content/have-you-heard-maths-rumour-spreading

☝️ RESEARCH IN PAIRS

The focus of "Research in Pairs" (RiP) is to bring together small groups of researchers to carry out joint research in the stimulating atmosphere of the Oberwolfach Institute. Projects from all areas of mathematics can be supported by this program, in particular, interdisciplinary cooperation is encouraged.
The stay of a research "pair", which means at least two and at most four people, can last between two weeks and one month (in exceptional cases up to three months). It is required that not all come from the same place. The Institute will provide office space, accommodation (full board and lodging), and an allowance for incidental expenses. Travel expenses can be reimbursed only in exceptional cases. The Institute wishes to increase the number of female participants. Female mathematicians are strongly encouraged to apply.
It is also possible that 2-4 workshop participants (who are already invited and have accepted) apply for a 1-2 week prolongation of their stay after the workshop as a RiP group.

🔵 The relevance of #thermodynamics to #economics

The physical theory of thermodynamics is based on two laws: The first law states that energy is neither created nor destroyed in any isolated system (a conservation principle). The second law of thermodynamics — also known as the entropy law — states that energy tends to be degraded to ever poorer qualities (a degradation principle).

Georgescu argues that the relevance of thermodynamics to economics stems from the physical fact that man can neither create nor destroy matter or energy, only transform it. The usual economic terms of 'production' and 'consumption' are mere verbal conventions that tend to obscure that nothing is created and nothing is destroyed in the economic process — things are only being transformed.

A primary objective of ecological economics (EE) is to ground economic thinking and practice in physical reality, especially in the laws of physics (particularly the laws of thermodynamics) and in knowledge of biological systems. It accepts as a goal the improvement of human well-being through development, and seeks to ensure achievement of this through planning for the sustainable development of ecosystems and societies. Of course the terms development and sustainable development are far from lacking controversy. Richard B. Norgaard argues traditional economics has hi-jacked the development terminology in his book Development Betrayed.

MIT - The Net Advance of Physics:

🔵 ISING MODELS :

http://web.mit.edu/redingtn/www/netadv/Xising.html

MIT - The Net Advance of Physics:

🔵 NETWORKS

http://web.mit.edu/redingtn/www/netadv/Xnetwork.html

The difference between #reversible and #irreversible events has particular explanatory value in #complex_systems (such as living organisms, or ecosystems). According to the biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela, living organisms are characterized by autopoiesis, which enables their continued existence. More primitive forms of self-organizing systems have been described by the physicist and chemist Ilya Prigogine. In the context of complex systems, events which lead to the end of certain #self-organising processes, like death, extinction of a species or the collapse of a meteorological system can be considered as irreversible. Even if a clone with the same organizational principle (e.g. identical DNA-structure) could be developed, this would not mean that the former distinct system comes back into being. Events to which the self-organizing capacities of organisms, species or other complex systems can adapt, like minor injuries or changes in the physical environment are reversible. However, #adaptation depends on import of negentropy into the organism, thereby increasing irreversible processes in its environment. Ecological principles, like those of sustainability and the precautionary principle can be defined with reference to the concept of reversibility.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreversible_process#Complex_systems

📝 Taxi shareability
P Santi, G Resta, M Szell, S Sobolevsky, SH #Strogatz, C Ratti

📌 If people shared taxis with strangers, how much money could be saved? And how much could pollution and traffic be reduced? A dataset of 150 million taxi trips and a new type of mathematical analysis enabled the untapped potential of New York City’s fleet of more than 13,000 taxis to be quantified.


Press: goo.gl/r1RgW5
If Two New Yorkers Shared a Cab...
– The New York Times

Articles: goo.gl/lQvkAc
Quantifying the Benefits of Vehicle Pooling With Shareability Networks (PDF)

📝 Nonlinear dynamics of the rock-paper-scissors game with mutations
Danielle F. P. Toupo and Steven H. #Strogatz

goo.gl/wuaYmk

📌 Abstract
We analyze the replicator-mutator equations for the rock-paper-scissors game. Various graph-theoretic patterns of mutation are considered, ranging from a single unidirectional mutation pathway between two of the species, to global bidirectional mutation among all the species. Our main result is that the coexistence state, in which all three species exist in equilibrium, can be destabilized by arbitrarily small mutation rates. After it loses stability, the coexistence state gives birth to a stable limit cycle solution created in a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. This attracting periodic solution exists for all the mutation patterns considered, and persists arbitrarily close to the limit of zero mutation rate and a zero-sum game.

📝 Taxi pooling in New York City:
a #network-based approach to social sharing problems

Paolo Santi, Giovanni Resta, Michael Szell, Stanislav Sobolevsky, Steven #Strogatz, Carlo Ratti

goo.gl/mdS8Is

📌 Taxi services are a vital part of urban transportation, and a major contributor to traffic
congestion and air pollution causing substantial adverse effects on human health1, 2.
Sharing taxi trips is a possible way of reducing the negative impact of taxi services on
cities3, but this comes at the expense of passenger discomfort in terms of a longer travel
time. Due to computational challenges, taxi sharing has traditionally been approached on
small scales4, 5, such as within airport perimeters6, 7, or with dynamical ad-hoc ...

📽 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZlVBTf7N6GpbHLbWGMJcUcslPSmnl5-z

📽 http://www.santafe.edu/research/videos/play/?id=5405224e-e84a-46e6-8fd0-c2d41a398d53

📽 SFI 2010 Ulam Lecture
Mark #Newman

1⃣ The Connected World: goo.gl/qb9Yw4

2⃣ What Networks Can Tell Us about the World: goo.gl/dFoTt7

3⃣ Using Networks to Make Predictions: https://goo.gl/RrJitF