⭕️ First International Summer Institute
on Network Physiology (ISINP)
Lake Como School of Advanced Studies – July 24-29, 2017
http://isinp.lakecomoschool.org/application-form/
on Network Physiology (ISINP)
Lake Como School of Advanced Studies – July 24-29, 2017
http://isinp.lakecomoschool.org/application-form/
🗞 Random Spatial Networks: Small Worlds without Clustering, Traveling Waves, and Hop-and-Spread Disease Dynamics
John Lang, Hans De Sterck, Jamieson L. Kaiser, Joel C. Miller
🔗https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.01252
📌 ABSTRACT
Random network models play a prominent role in modeling, analyzing and understanding complex phenomena on real-life networks. However, a key property of networks is often neglected: many real-world networks exhibit spatial structure, the tendency of a node to select neighbors with a probability depending on physical distance. Here, we introduce a class of random spatial networks (RSNs) which generalizes many existing random network models but adds spatial structure. In these networks, nodes are placed randomly in space and joined in edges with a probability depending on their distance and their individual expected degrees, in a manner that crucially remains analytically tractable. We use this network class to propose a new generalization of small-world networks, where the average shortest path lengths in the graph are small, as in classical Watts-Strogatz small-world networks, but with close spatial proximity of nodes that are neighbors in the network playing the role of large clustering. Small-world effects are demonstrated on these spatial small-world networks without clustering. We are able to derive partial integro-differential equations governing susceptible-infectious-recovered disease spreading through an RSN, and we demonstrate the existence of traveling wave solutions. If the distance kernel governing edge placement decays slower than exponential, the population-scale dynamics are dominated by long-range hops followed by local spread of traveling waves. This provides a theoretical modeling framework for recent observations of how epidemics like Ebola evolve in modern connected societies, with long-range connections seeding new focal points from which the epidemic locally spreads in a wavelike manner.
John Lang, Hans De Sterck, Jamieson L. Kaiser, Joel C. Miller
🔗https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.01252
📌 ABSTRACT
Random network models play a prominent role in modeling, analyzing and understanding complex phenomena on real-life networks. However, a key property of networks is often neglected: many real-world networks exhibit spatial structure, the tendency of a node to select neighbors with a probability depending on physical distance. Here, we introduce a class of random spatial networks (RSNs) which generalizes many existing random network models but adds spatial structure. In these networks, nodes are placed randomly in space and joined in edges with a probability depending on their distance and their individual expected degrees, in a manner that crucially remains analytically tractable. We use this network class to propose a new generalization of small-world networks, where the average shortest path lengths in the graph are small, as in classical Watts-Strogatz small-world networks, but with close spatial proximity of nodes that are neighbors in the network playing the role of large clustering. Small-world effects are demonstrated on these spatial small-world networks without clustering. We are able to derive partial integro-differential equations governing susceptible-infectious-recovered disease spreading through an RSN, and we demonstrate the existence of traveling wave solutions. If the distance kernel governing edge placement decays slower than exponential, the population-scale dynamics are dominated by long-range hops followed by local spread of traveling waves. This provides a theoretical modeling framework for recent observations of how epidemics like Ebola evolve in modern connected societies, with long-range connections seeding new focal points from which the epidemic locally spreads in a wavelike manner.
Forwarded from Brain@IPM
"Hands on Statistics with R; Applied Methods in Cognitive Sciences"
7th – 9th March 2017 (17th – 19th Esfand 1395)
School of Cognitive Sciences, IPM, Larak, Artesh Blvd, Tehran http://scs.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/2017/rworkshop/index.jsp
7th – 9th March 2017 (17th – 19th Esfand 1395)
School of Cognitive Sciences, IPM, Larak, Artesh Blvd, Tehran http://scs.ipm.ac.ir/conferences/2017/rworkshop/index.jsp
📽 How can we understand our complex economy?
https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/how-can-we-understand-our-complex-economy
Video (1.01 GB)
🔗 http://media.podcasts.ox.ac.uk/maths/oxford-maths/2016-11-03_maths_farmer-720p.mp4?_ga=1.236570369.1241202832.1486574109
https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/how-can-we-understand-our-complex-economy
Video (1.01 GB)
🔗 http://media.podcasts.ox.ac.uk/maths/oxford-maths/2016-11-03_maths_farmer-720p.mp4?_ga=1.236570369.1241202832.1486574109
podcasts.ox.ac.uk
How can we understand our complex economy? | University of Oxford Podcasts - Audio and Video Lectures
We are getting better at predicting things about our environment - the impact of climate change for example. But what about predicting our collective effect on ourselves?
Lectures and seminars organised by the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences
https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/nuffield-department-clinical-neurosciences
https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/nuffield-department-clinical-neurosciences
📽 Epidemics, Erdös Numbers and the Internet: the Physics of Networks
https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/epidemics-erd-s-numbers-and-internet-physics-networks
🌀 Physics Colloquium 12th February 2016 delivered by Professor Mark Newman
Many systems of interest in science and engineering can be represented as networks: the internet, the power grid, transport networks, metabolic networks, ecological networks and social networks are just a few of the many well studied examples. The structure of these networks has deep implications for the behaviour of the systems they represent (for traffic flow on the internet, for instance, or the spread of a disease over a human social network). Their structure is complex and we need new tools to help make sense of it. Physics, perhaps surprisingly, has proved a rich source of such tools. This talk will introduce some of the fundamental ideas in this growing field. It will also demonstrate how techniques borrowed from quantum and statistical physics are helping us to understand a wide range of networked systems.
https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/epidemics-erd-s-numbers-and-internet-physics-networks
🌀 Physics Colloquium 12th February 2016 delivered by Professor Mark Newman
Many systems of interest in science and engineering can be represented as networks: the internet, the power grid, transport networks, metabolic networks, ecological networks and social networks are just a few of the many well studied examples. The structure of these networks has deep implications for the behaviour of the systems they represent (for traffic flow on the internet, for instance, or the spread of a disease over a human social network). Their structure is complex and we need new tools to help make sense of it. Physics, perhaps surprisingly, has proved a rich source of such tools. This talk will introduce some of the fundamental ideas in this growing field. It will also demonstrate how techniques borrowed from quantum and statistical physics are helping us to understand a wide range of networked systems.
podcasts.ox.ac.uk
Epidemics, Erdös Numbers and the Internet: the Physics of Networks | University of Oxford Podcasts - Audio and Video Lectures
Physics Colloquium 12th February 2016 delivered by Professor Mark Newman
📽 How computers have changed the way we do physics - Structure in complex systems
https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/how-computers-have-changed-way-we-do-physics-structure-complex-systems
Video (564.44 MB)
🔗 http://media.podcasts.ox.ac.uk/physics/general/2016-02-06_physics-morning-lectures-newman720p.mp4?_ga=1.99281054.1241202832.1486574109
Audio (33.86 MB)
🔗 http://media.podcasts.ox.ac.uk/physics/general/2016-02-06_physics-morning-lectures-newman.mp3?_ga=1.99281054.1241202832.1486574109
🌀 The power of available computers has now grown exponentially for many decades. The ability to discover numerically the implications of equations and models has opened our eyes to previously hidden aspects of physics.
In physics, "complex systems" are systems of many similar interacting parts, such as the interacting atoms that make up a solid or liquid, but also interacting organisms in an ecosystem, or interacting traders in the stock market. This lecture will discuss how recent advances in modeling and computer simulation have allowed us to apply physics-style approaches to these previously challenging real-world systems to learn about such things as the spread of diseases, the flow of traffic or the structure of entire human societies.
https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/how-computers-have-changed-way-we-do-physics-structure-complex-systems
Video (564.44 MB)
🔗 http://media.podcasts.ox.ac.uk/physics/general/2016-02-06_physics-morning-lectures-newman720p.mp4?_ga=1.99281054.1241202832.1486574109
Audio (33.86 MB)
🔗 http://media.podcasts.ox.ac.uk/physics/general/2016-02-06_physics-morning-lectures-newman.mp3?_ga=1.99281054.1241202832.1486574109
🌀 The power of available computers has now grown exponentially for many decades. The ability to discover numerically the implications of equations and models has opened our eyes to previously hidden aspects of physics.
In physics, "complex systems" are systems of many similar interacting parts, such as the interacting atoms that make up a solid or liquid, but also interacting organisms in an ecosystem, or interacting traders in the stock market. This lecture will discuss how recent advances in modeling and computer simulation have allowed us to apply physics-style approaches to these previously challenging real-world systems to learn about such things as the spread of diseases, the flow of traffic or the structure of entire human societies.
podcasts.ox.ac.uk
How computers have changed the way we do physics - Structure in complex systems | University of Oxford Podcasts - Audio and Video…
The power of available computers has now grown exponentially for many decades. The ability to discover numerically the implications of equations and models has opened our eyes to previously hidden aspects of physics.
📽 How hot will it get in a world run by economists? A physicist’s take on climate change policy
https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/how-hot-will-it-get-world-run-economists-physicist-s-take-climate-change-policy
Video (546.42 MB)
🔗 http://media.podcasts.ox.ac.uk/physics/general/2015-10-23-physics-colloquium-myles-allen.mp4?_ga=1.68272273.1241202832.1486574109
🌀 Physics is the foundation of current concerns about climate change, but climate policy sometimes appears like a baroque superstructure built with little reference to the foundations. For example, global temperatures depend on the accumulated stock of carbon dioxide emissions released into the atmosphere over all time, not the flow of emissions in any given year, but climate policy remains overwhelmingly pre-occupied with emission flows, not carbon stocks. Michal Kalecki once called economics “the science of confusing stocks with flows”, and while this is probably unfair on economics, it isn’t a bad characterisation of UN climate negotiations. As physicists, we are professionally concerned with the complexities of the climate system, so it may come as something of a shock to learn that many of the numbers that really matter for major policy decisions, like deciding on the right combination of prices and regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or the “social cost of carbon” to use in evaluating investments, depend on models that are astonishingly simple compared to models of the general circulation of the atmosphere and oceans. I will introduce some of the ideas behind these ‘Integrated Assessment Models’ and show how, even though the units may be PetaDollars rather than ExaJoules, our basic physical intuition can be used to understand how they behave, and how they can give some rather surprising results. This talk should be accessible to anyone interested in the climate problem, and won’t assume any prior knowledge of either climate physics or economics. There will be some maths, but I’ll explain what I’m up to as I go along. Both physicists and economists welcome, to heckle the speaker or each other as they see fit.
https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/how-hot-will-it-get-world-run-economists-physicist-s-take-climate-change-policy
Video (546.42 MB)
🔗 http://media.podcasts.ox.ac.uk/physics/general/2015-10-23-physics-colloquium-myles-allen.mp4?_ga=1.68272273.1241202832.1486574109
🌀 Physics is the foundation of current concerns about climate change, but climate policy sometimes appears like a baroque superstructure built with little reference to the foundations. For example, global temperatures depend on the accumulated stock of carbon dioxide emissions released into the atmosphere over all time, not the flow of emissions in any given year, but climate policy remains overwhelmingly pre-occupied with emission flows, not carbon stocks. Michal Kalecki once called economics “the science of confusing stocks with flows”, and while this is probably unfair on economics, it isn’t a bad characterisation of UN climate negotiations. As physicists, we are professionally concerned with the complexities of the climate system, so it may come as something of a shock to learn that many of the numbers that really matter for major policy decisions, like deciding on the right combination of prices and regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or the “social cost of carbon” to use in evaluating investments, depend on models that are astonishingly simple compared to models of the general circulation of the atmosphere and oceans. I will introduce some of the ideas behind these ‘Integrated Assessment Models’ and show how, even though the units may be PetaDollars rather than ExaJoules, our basic physical intuition can be used to understand how they behave, and how they can give some rather surprising results. This talk should be accessible to anyone interested in the climate problem, and won’t assume any prior knowledge of either climate physics or economics. There will be some maths, but I’ll explain what I’m up to as I go along. Both physicists and economists welcome, to heckle the speaker or each other as they see fit.
podcasts.ox.ac.uk
How hot will it get in a world run by economists? A physicist’s take on climate change policy | University of Oxford Podcasts…
Physics Colloquium 23rd October 2015 delivered by Professor Myles Allen
🌀 Ising model: exact results
The Ising model is a simple classical model of a ferromagnet which has the remarkable property that in two dimensions its physical properties may be exactly calculated. These exact calculations have given microscopic insight into the many body collective phenomena of phase transitions and have developed new areas of mathematics.
🔗 http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Ising_model:_exact_results
The Ising model is a simple classical model of a ferromagnet which has the remarkable property that in two dimensions its physical properties may be exactly calculated. These exact calculations have given microscopic insight into the many body collective phenomena of phase transitions and have developed new areas of mathematics.
🔗 http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Ising_model:_exact_results
🔹 PhD fellowship in the field of Shareable Dynamic Media in Hybrid Meetings (5+3)
The Graduate School at Arts, Faculty of Arts, Aarhus University, in collaboration with Microsoft Research, Cambrige and Participatory Information Technology (PIT), invites applications for a fully-funded PhD fellowship in Shareable Dynamic Media in Hybrid Meetings provided the necessary funding is available. This PhD fellowship is available as of 1 September 2017 for a period of up to three years (5+3). The candidate who is awarded the fellowship must commence his/her PhD degree programme on 1 September 2017.
The PhD fellowship will be financed by the 3 parties.
http://talent.au.dk/phd/arts/open-calls/phd-call-7/
The Graduate School at Arts, Faculty of Arts, Aarhus University, in collaboration with Microsoft Research, Cambrige and Participatory Information Technology (PIT), invites applications for a fully-funded PhD fellowship in Shareable Dynamic Media in Hybrid Meetings provided the necessary funding is available. This PhD fellowship is available as of 1 September 2017 for a period of up to three years (5+3). The candidate who is awarded the fellowship must commence his/her PhD degree programme on 1 September 2017.
The PhD fellowship will be financed by the 3 parties.
http://talent.au.dk/phd/arts/open-calls/phd-call-7/
🗞 Geometric explanation of the rich-club phenomenon in complex networks
Máté Csigi, Attila Kőrösi, József Bíró, Zalán Heszberger, Yury Malkov, András Gulyás
🔗 https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.02399
📌 ABSTRACT
The rich club organization (the presence of highly connected hub core in a network) influences many structural and functional characteristics of networks including topology, the efficiency of paths and distribution of load. Despite its major role, the literature contains only a very limited set of models capable of generating networks with realistic rich club structure. One possible reason is that the rich club organization is a divisive property among complex networks which exhibit great diversity, in contrast to other metrics (e.g. diameter, clustering or degree distribution) which seem to behave very similarly across many networks. Here we propose a simple yet powerful geometry-based growing model which can generate realistic complex networks with high rich club diversity by controlling a single geometric parameter. The growing model is validated against the Internet, protein-protein interaction, airport and power grid networks.
Máté Csigi, Attila Kőrösi, József Bíró, Zalán Heszberger, Yury Malkov, András Gulyás
🔗 https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.02399
📌 ABSTRACT
The rich club organization (the presence of highly connected hub core in a network) influences many structural and functional characteristics of networks including topology, the efficiency of paths and distribution of load. Despite its major role, the literature contains only a very limited set of models capable of generating networks with realistic rich club structure. One possible reason is that the rich club organization is a divisive property among complex networks which exhibit great diversity, in contrast to other metrics (e.g. diameter, clustering or degree distribution) which seem to behave very similarly across many networks. Here we propose a simple yet powerful geometry-based growing model which can generate realistic complex networks with high rich club diversity by controlling a single geometric parameter. The growing model is validated against the Internet, protein-protein interaction, airport and power grid networks.
🌀 Aging and Complex Systems: Motivation
http://necsi.edu/events/cxintensive/cxintensiveam.html
As the baby-boom generation rapidly approaches age 65 in the next decade, the mechanisms and clinical consequences of the aging process are becoming a central focus of scientific investigation. The study of aging is particularly appropriate for complex systems analysis. While medicine is generally focused on failure of individual organs or specific diseases, the aging process is a systemic one resulting from changes in multiple subsystems affecting overall system structure, dynamic response, adaptation and function. The physical degradation of non-equilibrium biological structures result in reduced fine scale complexity of structure and changes in dynamic response. Moreover, primary system failures result from prior changes in interrelated repair, regulatory, homeostatic and adaptive mechanisms.
For example, in research on aging, complex systems concepts can be applied to the analysis of temporal behavior of heart rate dynamics and other physiologic time series reflecting aging induced changes in dynamic response, as well as structural changes in the fine scale structure of neural systems and bone tissue. Additional areas of application include experimental and theoretical studies that can elucidate the relationship between the structural and dynamic changes, and how these changes lead to disease and disability.
In addition, the role of environmental and social factors in aging can be examined through various methods and concepts which have been developed in the general study of complex systems. Particularly relevant is the interaction of behavior, and physical and social environment in system maintenance and repair where research indicates that active individuals in stimulating (appropriately complex) environments can maintain high levels of function. Research on human aging will demonstrate how complex system approaches can be effectively applied both to understand and to prevent or alleviate processes of system deterioration, which is an important area of study for all complex systems.
http://necsi.edu/events/cxintensive/cxintensiveam.html
As the baby-boom generation rapidly approaches age 65 in the next decade, the mechanisms and clinical consequences of the aging process are becoming a central focus of scientific investigation. The study of aging is particularly appropriate for complex systems analysis. While medicine is generally focused on failure of individual organs or specific diseases, the aging process is a systemic one resulting from changes in multiple subsystems affecting overall system structure, dynamic response, adaptation and function. The physical degradation of non-equilibrium biological structures result in reduced fine scale complexity of structure and changes in dynamic response. Moreover, primary system failures result from prior changes in interrelated repair, regulatory, homeostatic and adaptive mechanisms.
For example, in research on aging, complex systems concepts can be applied to the analysis of temporal behavior of heart rate dynamics and other physiologic time series reflecting aging induced changes in dynamic response, as well as structural changes in the fine scale structure of neural systems and bone tissue. Additional areas of application include experimental and theoretical studies that can elucidate the relationship between the structural and dynamic changes, and how these changes lead to disease and disability.
In addition, the role of environmental and social factors in aging can be examined through various methods and concepts which have been developed in the general study of complex systems. Particularly relevant is the interaction of behavior, and physical and social environment in system maintenance and repair where research indicates that active individuals in stimulating (appropriately complex) environments can maintain high levels of function. Research on human aging will demonstrate how complex system approaches can be effectively applied both to understand and to prevent or alleviate processes of system deterioration, which is an important area of study for all complex systems.
necsi.edu
Intensive Course on the Fundamentals of Complex Systems
The New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI) is an independent educational and research institute established as a joint effort of faculty from New England area institutions for the advancement of interdisciplinary communication and collaboration, building…